U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 

BUREAU OF ANIMAL I NDUSTRY— Bulletin No. 76. 

L) E. SALMON, D V. M., Chief of Bureau. 




THE SCORE CARD 



STOCK BREEDING 



(iKORGE M. ROMMEL, R. S. A., 
.-ifiivHi/ Husl>aHd7nan, Bureau of Animal Industry. 




WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1905. 




Qass £JLJia_ 

Book ■ '. ' ■" -o- 



U. S. DEl^ARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 

BUREAU OF ANIMAL I N DUSTRY— Bulletin No. 76 

D. E. SALMON, D, V, M., Chief of Bureau. 



.^^ u- 



THE SCORE CARD 



STOCK BREEDING. 



GEORGE M. ROMMEL, B. S. A., 
Animal Husbandman, Bureau of Animal Industry. 




WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 



1905. 



OCl 20 iyo6 
0. of 0. 



LETTER OE TRAXSMErTAL. 



U. S. Department of AciniciLTi re, 

Bureau of Animal Industry, 

W<i><hli,(jt(>iiJ). r., Jvne ;?, 1905. 

Sir: I ivspectfiilly siihiiiit herewith the inanuscript of an article 
entitled " The Score Card in Stock Breeding." by George M. Rommel, 
B. S. A., animal hushandman of this Bureau. This nuiterial has 
been compiled from the ])ublications of the certified breeders' associa- 
tions in this country, and is intended to be a supplement to Bulletin 
No. 01 of this Bureau, on the Score Card in Stock Judging at Agri- 
cultural Colleges. It comprises the standards of these organizations, 
so far as they are used, with the exception of those for dairy cattle, 
which have already been published by the Dairy Division. It is l)e- 
lieved that these score cards will be useful to Ijreeders throughout the 
country, and I recommend their publication as a bulletin of the 
Bureau series. 

Very respectfully, D. E. SAL^rox, 

. ; Chief of Bureau. 

Hon. James Wilson, Secretary. 



CONTENTS, 



Page. 

Introduction 7 

Horses: 

American saddle horse — 9 

Shetland pony 9 

Shire 9 

Cattle — Beef and dual purpose: 

Aberdeen Angus . ■ --- --- H 

Brown Swiss 13 

Devon 13 

Galloway 15 

Red Polled 16 

Sussex 16 

Hogs: , 

Berkshire 18 

Cheshire ---- 20 

Chester White 21 

Ohio Improved Chester 24 

Duroc Jersey 26 

Hampshire (Thin Rind) 29 

Poland China 31 

Tamworth - 38 

Yorkshire, large . 39 

Yorkshire, small . _ - 40 

Sheep: 

Cheviot 42 

Cotswold 43 

Dorset Honi 44 

Hampshire Down 4J3 

Lincoln - - - 45 

Merino, Delaine 46 

Merino, Spanish ._-.... 47 

Oxford Down... ..' 49 

Rambouillet 50 

Shropshire 52 

Southdown — - - 53 

Suffolk. - 54 

5 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



TF.XT FIOURES. 

Page. 

Fro. 1. Points of the horse - 8 

2. Points of beef cattle — side view _ 10 

3. Points of beef cattle — front and rear views . . f 10 

4. Points of the hog— three-quarters front view 17 

"). Points of the hog — side view ..._ 17 

C). Points of the sheep— side view . 41 

7. Points of the sheep— front and rear views _ '41 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK l5Klil-;i)lNG. 



Compilt'd l)y (Jkoroe M. Rommei,. P>. S. A.. 

AtiiiiKil II iishdiKhiKiii. Bureau of Aiiiiinil I iidiistri/. 



INTRODUCTION. . 

This bulletin is a compilation of the score cards used by breeiU'rs' 
associations in the United States certified by the Secretary of Ajj^ri- 
culture. It is intended to be a supplement to liulletin No. (>1 of the 
Bureau of Animal Industry, entitled "The Score Card in Stock 
Judii'iufj at A<>'i"icultural Colleges.** 

Man}' of these score cards were orioinally adopted for actual use 
in the show ring, but for this purpose they have become obsolete. No 
competent judge would now think of using them to determine the 
relative merits of two or more animals. IIowe\ei\ a bi-eedcr will 
get nuich better results if he has a standard toward which to work; 
indeed it is hardly possible to see how a breeder can succeed unless 
he has such a standard. The value of the olHcial breed score card 
at present is that it provides a uniform standai'd. ami if it really 
represents the ideals of the majority of l)reeders uuiforui results can 
be obtained nuu'h nu)re readily than without it. It gives a platform 
on which all can stand. No one can doubt the effectiveness of the 
score cards of the National Association of Expert Judges on Swine 
in developing the modern type of hog in America, and the two-min- 
ute trotter has been developed because breeders adop(<'d a certain 
standard and worked unceasingly to reach it. Angus and (Jalloway 
breeders are also showing the good results of this system. A written 
standard of excellenc(\ however, is not always necessai-y to insure 
uniformity of results. The American Hereford type has l)een devel- 
oped without such an aid because the nu)st desirable type was clearly 
understood by breeders. On the other hand, the absence of a staud- 
ard may be readily observed in the great variation in type in a breed 
seen in a single show. 

The reader's attention is particularly called to the text of these 
standards; the numerical values of the different points are of only 
relative importance. 

The Bureau is uudei- obUgatious to the officials who sup[)lied (lie 
information for this piiblicatiou. 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



HORSES. 




Fig. 1.— Points of the hoi-se. 



Muzzle. 
Nostril. 
Lips. 
Nose. 
Face. 
Forehead. 
Eye. 
Ears. 

Allele of lower ,iaw. 
Throatlatch, throat, 
or throttle. 



11. Windpipe. 

12. Crest. 

13. Withers. 

14. Shoulder. 

15. Point of shoulder. 
If). Arm. 

17. Elhow or elbow 

joint. 
l.S. Forearm, 
lit. Knee. 
20. Cannons. 



21. Fetlocks. 

22. Pasterns. 
Zi. Feet. 

24. Breast. 

:i'.. (Jirth. 

;i(i. Barrel, or ribs. 

27. Fore flank. 

2K. Back, 

29. Loin. 

•M. Hind Wank. 

31. Under line. 



32. Hip. 

83. Croup, or rump. 

■M. Tail. 

:^5. Buttock. 

;S(). Quarter. 

37. ThiKh. 

:«. Stifle joint. 

;fit. Gaskin, lower thigh 

stifle, or leg. 
40. Hock. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. y 

A.MKKICAN SADDU: HOKSK. 

I. B. Nail. socretaiT Aiuci-ican Saddle Horse Breeders' Associa- 
tion, Louisville, Ky., states: 

We have iki scofe card f<ir animals. In the early orsanization of our asso- 
ciation \v(» accejjted saddle horses and admitted to ri'j^ister where they showed 
five distinct gaits, viz, walk, trot, canter, and runniuR walk, fox trot, or slow 
pace. Of course the show ring reiiuires speed at these gaits and also style 
and finish. Our rules now admit to registry stallions and mares only which 
show the registered strains of blood ; geldings showing it on one side only 
will be admitted. In show rings these gaits are re(iuired to be shown, though 
many five-gaited horses are trained to walk, trot, and canter only, and are 
shown in the three-gaited classes. 

SHETLAND PONY. 

.S'corr card adnpted by the Aliicricdii Shrtland I'idiij Club. 

I Vol. V, American Shetland I'ony Chib Stiidl k.\ 

roiiits. 

Constitution. — Constitution indicated by general healthy ai)pearance. per- 
fect resi)iration, brightness of eyes 10 

Size. — ronies over four years old, 42 inches and under in height, two points 
to be deducted for evei"y inch over 42 inches up to 40 inches, fractional 
portions to count as full inches 2;j 

Head. — Head symmetrical, rather than small and fine, wide between eyes, 
ears short and erect 1" 

Body. — Barrel well rounded, back short and level, deep chested, good breast, 
compact, "pony built" 1" 

Legs.— Legs muscular, flat boned, bind legs not cow hocked or too crooked_- 2,5 

Mane and tail. — Foretop, mane, and tail heavy 10 

Feet. — Good ^ 1" 

Total - 10<J 



Charles Burgess, secretary American Shire Horse Association. 
AYenona, 111., says: 

Our association has never :idopted an oflicial score card for Shire horses. 
Size, (lualily, and choice breeding; are what we advocate. 

31056— No. 7(i— 05 m 2 



10 



BUHKAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



CATTLE BEEF AND DUAL PURPOSE. 







\3S\ 



Fto. 2.- Points of beef cattle, side view. 



1. Muzzle. 


13. Dowlap. 


215. 


Crops. 


31. 


Hi]), iioiiit of hip 


2. Mouth. 


14. Toi)of neck, or crest. 


2"). 


Ribs, or barrel. 




hook, or hook bone 


•i. Nostril. 


Ki. To]) of shoulder. 


2(i. 


Fore flank. 


32. 


Rump. 


7. Eye. 


IT. Shoulder. 


27. 


Back, or chine. 


;«. 


Tailhead. 


S. Eiir. 


lt<. Point of slioulder. 


2H. 


Loin. 


85. 


Buttocks. 


i>. Poll. 


19. Arm. 


2S). 


Hind flank. 


:«. 


Thigh. 


1(1. Horn. 


2(). Shank. 


HO. 


Underline, or 


bot- :sx. 


Hock. 


11. Neck. 


21. Brisket. 




torn lino. 


40. 


Navel. 


12. Throat. 


22. Topline. 












4. Lips. 

5. Face. 

0. Forehead. 




Fig. 3.— Points of beef cattle, front and rear views. 



15. Nock vein, or .shonl- 21. Brisket. 

der vein. - 24. Girth. 

18. Point of shoulder. 34. Pin bones. 



35. Buttocks. 
37. Twist. 
39. Purse. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 11 

ABERDEEN ANGUS. 

Score card adopted by the Ameriran Aberdeen Anfju.t Breeders' Association. 

FOR BULL. 

I'oints. 

Color. — Black. White is oltjectioiiable. excej)! on tho niKU'i'line hchiiid 
tlie navel, and there only to a moderate extent ; a white cod is most 
undesirable 3 

Head. — Forehead broad ; face slightly prominent and tapering toward the 
nose; muzzle fiiie ; nostrils wide and oi)en ; distance from eyes to nos- 
trils of moderate length ; i-yes mild. full, and expressive, indicative of 
good disposition ; ears of good medium sixe. well set and well covered 
with liair ; poll well defined, and without any appearance of horns or 
scurs ; jaws clean 10 

Throat. — Clean, without any development of loose flesh underneath 3 

Neck. — Of medium length, muscular, with moderate crest (which in- 
creases with age), spreading out to meet the shoulders, with full neck 
A'ein 3 

Shoulders. — Moderately oblicpie. well covered on the blades and top ; 
with vertebra or backbone slightly above the scapida or shoulder blades, 
which should be moderately broad G 

Chest. — Wide and deep: also round and full just back of elbows 10 

Brisket. — Deep and moderattly projecting from between the legs and pro- 
portionately covered with flesh and fat 4 

Ribs. — ^Well sprung from the backbone, arched and deep, neatly joined to 

the crops and loins 8 

Back. — Broad and straight from crops to hooks ; loins strong ; hook 
bones moderate in width, not prominent, and well covered; rumps 
long, full, level, and rounded neatly into hindquarters 10 

Hind quarters. — Deep and full, thighs thick and muscular, and in pro- 
portion to hind quarters; twist filled out well in its "seam" so as to 
form an even wide plain between thighs 8 

Tail. — Fine, coming neatly out of the body on a line with the back and 

hanging at right angles to it ' 3 

Underline. — Straight as nearly as possible; flank deep and full 4 

Legs. — Short, straight, and squarely placed ; hind legs slightly inclined 

forward below the hocks; forearm muscular; booes fine and clean 4 

Flesh. — Even and witliout i)atchine.ss 4 

Skin. — Of moderate thickness and mellow touch, abundantly covered with 
thick soft hair. (Much of the thriftiness, feeding properties, and 
value of the animal depend upon this quality, which is of great weight 
in the grazier's and butcher's judgment. A good " touch " will com- 
pensate for some deficiencies of form. Nothing can compensate for a 
skin hard and stiff. In raising the skin from the body it should have 
a substantial, soft, flexible feeling, and when hcnc:i1h the outspread 
hand it should move easily, as though resting on a soft cellular sul> 
stance, which, however, l)ecomes firmer as the animal ripens. A thin, 
papery skin is objectionable, especially in a cold <-limate) 10 

General Appearance. — Elegant, well bred, and masculine. The walk 

square, the stei) (juick. and the head up 10 

Total 1(1(1 

When bulls are exhibited with their progeny in a separate class, add 2u points 
for in-ogeny. 



12 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

KOK cow. 

Points. 

Color. — Black. White is oli,jccti<>niil>lc. except on underline behind the 

navel, and tiicrc only to a moderate exti-id 2 

IIkai). — Forehead inoder.itely l)roa<l and s!i;,ditiy indent«'d, taperinj; to- 
ward the nose; nni/./.Ie tine; nostrils wide and open; distance from 
eyes to nostrils of moderate leni,'th: eyes full, hrif^ht and expressive, 
indicative of pxid disposition; ears l;ir,i;e. slij,'htly risinj; uiiwjird, and 
well furnished with h;iir: ])oII well delined ;ind without ;iny ai>iiearaiice 
of liorns or scurs ; jaws clean 10 

Throat.- ("lean, without any development of loose flesh underneath .■> 

Neck. — Of medium length, spreadiuR out to meet the shoulders, with full 
neck vein 3 

Snorr.nKRS. — Moder.itely ol)li(|U<', well covered on l)lades and toj); with 
vertebra or backbone slij,ditly altove the scai)ula or shoulder blades, 
which should be moderately broad (1 

Chkst. — Wide and deep; round and full just back of ellxnvs 10 

Brisket. — Deep and mod(>rately projecting from lietween the leg.s, and 

proportionately covered with tiesh and fat 4 

Rins. — Well sprung from backbone, arched and deep, neatly joined to the 

crops and loins 8 

Back. — Broad and straight from crops to hooks: loins strong; hook bones 
moderate in width, not prominent, and well covered; i'um|is long. full. 
level, and rounded ne.itly into liind(|narters .. 10 

Hinoquarters. — I>eei> -AW*] full ; thighs thick and muscular, and in propor- 
tion with hindcinarters ; twist tilled out well in its "seam" so as to 
I'oi'm an even wide i)lain between thighs . 8 

Tail. — Fine, coming neatly out of the body on a line with the back, and 

hanging at right angles to it .3 

Udder. — Not fleshy, coining well Corwiird in line with the iiody and well 

up behind ; teats squarely ]>laced. well .-ipai't. and of ^oiod size 8 

UNr)ERiJNE. — Straight, as nearly as possible: tlaiik deep and full 4 

I.EG.s. — Short, straight, and squarely pl.aced : hind h'gs slightly inclined 

forward below the hocks: forearm nuiscuhir : bones fine and clean 3 

Flesh. — Even and without patchiness 3 

Ski.n. — Of moderate thickness and mellow touch, abundantly covered with 
tliick. soft liair. ( Much of the thriftiness. feeding properti<'s, ;ind value 
of the .-ininiiil depend upon this i|uality. which is of great weight in the 
grazier's and butcher's judgm(>nt. A goiul " touch " will <'(nupensate for 
some deficiencies of form. Nothing can compensate foi' a skin hard and 
stiff. In raising the skin from the body it should h.ive .i subst.-intial, 
soft, flexible feeling, and when beneath the outsi)read hand it should 
move easily, as though r(>s1ing on ;i soft, cellular subst.iiice. which, how- 
ever. becom(»s firmer as the anim:il ripens. .\ thin. ])a|iery skin is olijec 
lion.able. especially in a cold climate) ^ lo 

(Je.neral appearance. — Elegant, well bred, and feminine. The walk 

square, the step quick, and the he.ad nji •"» 

Total 100 

In judging heifers, omit udder and add 3 points to flesh and 5 points to gen- 
eral ajipearance. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 13 

UHOWX SWISS. 

Score c(ir<l (uloptcd hi/ llic liroiiu Sirisx Ctittlr lirrrdrrx' A'^sorintion. 

i'oints. 

IIkao. — Medium si/.e iind ratlier long 2 

i<'ace. — Dished, broad between the eyes and narrow between the horns 2 

Ears. — A dee[) orange color within 1 

XosE. — Black. s<iuare. and with the mouth surrounded by a light, meal- 
colored band, tongue black 2 

Eyes. — Full and jtlacid 1 

Horns. — Rather short, flattisii, and regularly set, with i)lack tips 5 

Neck. — Straight, rather long, and not too heavy at slioiilders 4 

Chest. — Broad and dee|» 4 

Back. — Level to the setting on of the tail and broad across the loin 

Barrel. — Hooped, broad and deej) at the Hank 8 

Hips. — Wide apart, rump long and broad 4 

Thighs. — Wide, with heavy cpiarters 4 

liEGS. — Short and straight, with good hoofs 4 

Tail. — Slender, pliable, not too long, with good switch — 4 

Hide. — Thin and moval)le 3 

Color. — Shades from dark brown to light brown, and at some seasons of 
the year gray ; slight splashes of white near udder not objectionable ; 

light stripe along the back__. (> 

Hair. — Between horns light, not reddish; hair inside of ears light. (No 

points.) 
Fore udder. — Full in form and carried up, reaching far forward on the 

abdomen 1<> 

Hind udder. — Not too deeply hung, full in form and well up l)ehind 10 

Teats. — Rather large, set welt apart, and hanging straight down 5 

Milk veins. — Prominent 4 

Escutcheon. — High and broad and full in thighs 7 

Disposition. — Quiet and good-natured 4 

Total 100 

In judging bulls and heifers, omit fore udder. Innd udder, and teats; color 
should be dark brown. 

DEVON. 

Score card adoittcd hy the Anirri<-(iii Drrou Cattle Chih. 

BULL. 

Points. 

Head. — Masculine, full and broad, tapering toward the nose, which should 
be flesh colored ; nostrils high and open, muzzle broad, eyes full and 
Iilacid and surround«'d with Mesh-colored ring; eai's of medium size 
and thickness; horns medium siz*', growing at right angles from the 
head or slightly elevated, waxy at the base, tipped with a darker shade. 10 

Cheek. — Full and broad at root of tongue; throat clean 2 

Neck. — Medium length and nniscular, widening from the head to thi> 

shoulders and strongly set on - 4 

Shoulders. — Fine, flat, sloping, and well fleshed; arms strong, with firm 
joints ^ 



14 BL'KEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

Points. 

("iiEST. — Deep. Iiro.iil. miuI somcwlint circulMr 10 

IJiBs. — Well siniuif,' fnmi the l»iukl)()ne. nicely iii-ched, deep, with flanks 

fully develo|»«Ml 10 

r.A( K. — Slraij^ht and level from the withers to the setting on o( the tail: 
loin liroad and full: hips and nnn[) of niedinni width and on a level 

with the haek lin 

lIiNU yi'AUTKRS. — I>eei». thiek. and square IJ 

Tail. — Well set on a( a ri^ht anjile w ilh the hack, taperinti. with a switch 

of white oi' roan hair and reachint: the hocks 2 

Legs. — Short, straij,'ht. and scpiarely placed wlien viewed from hehind, 

not to cross or sweep in walking;: hoof well f(«i'nied 4 

Skin. — Moderately thick and mellow, covered witli an abundant coat of 
rich hair of a red color; no white spot adudssible unless around the 

purse 8 

Size. — Minimum weight at .'{ years old, 1,400 jtounds 4 

Genekai, Ai'i'KAKANCE. — As indicated hy stylish and ((uick nioveiiient, form, 
constitution, and vi.ijor. and the under line as nearly as possiiile pai'allcl 
with the line of the hack 8 

Total 100 

cow. 

roints. 

Head. — Moderately long, with a broad, indented forehead, tapering consid- 
erably toward the nostrils: the nose of a llesb color, nostrils high and 
open, the jaws clean, the eye bright, liv«'ly, and ]»roniinent, and sur- 
rounded by a flesh-eolored ring; throat clean, ears thin, the exjyression 
genth' and intelligent; horns matching, sjireading and gracefully turned 
up, of u waxy color, tipped with a darker shade 8 

Neck. — Upper line short, fine at head, widening and deep at withers and 
strongly set to the shoulders 4 

Shoulders. — Fine, flat, and sloping, with strong arms and firm Joints 4 

Chest. — Deej), broad, and somewhat circular in character 8 

Ribs. — Well spi-ung from the backbone, nicely arched, deep, with flanks 
fully develoiK'd 8 

Back. — Straight and level from the withers to the setting on of the tail ; 
loin broad and full: hi|is and ruiii|i of mediuin width and on a level 
with the back It! 

Hind c^uarters. — Deep, thick, and square S 

I'ddkr. — Not fleshy, coining well forward in line with the belly and well 
up behind; teats moderately large, and scpiarely placed -<> 

Tail. — Well set on at a right angle with the back, tapering, with a switch 

of white or roan hair and reaching the hocks - 

Legs. — Straight, stpiarely placed when viewed from behind, not to cross 

or sweep in walking : hoof well formed 4 

Skin. — Moderately thick and mellow, covered with an abundant coat of 

rich hair of a red color; no white spot admissible, except the udder — 8 

Size. — Mininunn weight at .'*> years old, 1,(KK) pounds 2 

General aim'karance. — As indicati'd by stylish and (piick movement, form, 
constitution, jind vigor, and- the under line as nearly as possible parallel 
with the line of the back ^ 8 

Total 100 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 15 

(iAM.OWAV. 

The followino- standard of excellence was prepared by Mr. O. IT. 
t^wio-arl, Chaini)aign, 111., a prominent breeder and president of the 
American (lalloway Breeders' Association. It is the standard for a 
typical Galloway as drawn np by (he council of the (lalloway Cattle 
Society of Great Britain in 188:'), with revisions by Mr. Swigart. 
'I'hose parts in parentheses are amendments macU' by Mr. Swigart to 
indicate the tendencies of modern breeders in America: 

Cor.oK. — Hhick. with a browuisli tin.iie. (Kiifirely Mack not olijectionalde. ) 

Head. — Shcrt and wide, with broad forehead and wide nostrils, without the 
slightest trace of horns or scurs. (Crown wide and oval, not lisinu' to a jtoint.) 

Eye. — Large and ])roininent. 

Ear. — iModerate in icn:;ili ( inclinin.i,' toward siiortncss). clean, and fillini: well 
into the shoulder (in such manner as to make neck and shoulder of fleshy ani- 
mals ai»i)ear molded as one piece). The lop of the neck in line with the hack 
ill a female, and in a male jiradually rising with age. 

Body. — Deep, rounded, and synunetrical. (Well sjiread and of moderate 
length.) 

Shoulders. — Fine and straight, moderately wide ahove. Coarse shoulder 
points and sharp or high shoulders are oh.jectionable. (Substitute tlie word 
"smooth" for "fine." as small, undeveloped shouldei-s are objectionable.) 

Ribs. — Deep and well sprung, loin and sirloin well filled. (Cro[)s well filled, 
carrying width of luxly at ribs and shoulders through on about same line.) 

IIooK BONES. — Not pi-oniinent. (In fieshy animals not visible.) 

Hind quarters. — Long, moderately wide, and well filled. (Cut out the word 
' moderately.") 

Thighs. — Broad, straight, and well let down at hock. Hounded buttocks are 
very ol)jectionable. 

Legs. — Short and clean, with fine lione. 

Tail. — Well set on and moderately thick. (Cut out the words "moderately 
thick" and substitute the words "carrying a good bush.") 

Skin. — Mellow and moderately thick. (Sul)stitut(> the woi-d "thin" for 
"thick.") 

Hair. — Soft and wavy, with mossy undercoat. (Harsh), wiry, or curly hair 
is very objectionable. (Cut out the words "or curly" and sul)stitute " harsh." 
Curly liair. if soft, is not objectionable.) 



1(3 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

rOl.NTS TO UK AVOIDKII. 

Mr. .Tniiios T?ij:}::ir, " Tlie ( iiMiitrc" I ),ill)(':ittif. ScoHmikI. JiuIko of fat classes 

;it a rrct'iit 1 iitcniat i<»ual (I'.Mtl'i, at ("liica^'o. pi-cparcd tlie following list of 

•' I'oiiits to lie avoided" for M<'("rac"s History of (Jalloways twenty years ago. 

With very sli^lit revision. tlu\v arc as i.ertinent to-day as the clay they were 

written. 

Long, narrow iiead. witli li>:lit crown. 

Narrow tai)erinK nuizzle. 

Long, drooping ears. 

Small, deep-set eyes. 

Small, light neck. 

Light, scraggy lircast. 

High, narrow slionlders. 

Flatness liehind slionlders. 

Light fore or hack rihs. 

Square, prominent hook hones. 

High or droojiing rnnii>s. 

Weak or slack loins. 

lioinided huttocks. 

Fleshy, douhle thighs. 

Big. coarse hones. 

Thick, stiff skin. 

Hard, wiry hair, without soft undercoat. 

RED POLLKI). 

The essential features of Eed Polled cattle are fjiven as follows by 
the authorities of the lied Polled Herd liook : 

Color. — Red. The switcii of the tail should lie mixed with white. A portion 
of the udder may he white, and also a little white on the helly along the milk 
veins. Any additional white markings shall discjualify. 

Polled. — There nuist he no horns, slugs, or ahortive horns. Should any ani- 
mal which has heen admitted to registry .afterwards develop horns or scurs. the 
registration of such animal sliaii he c.incelcd and its progeny deharred from 
registration. 

SUSSEX. 

Overton Lea, secretary >Vnierican Sussex Association, Nashville, 
Tenn., says : 

Neither the American Sussex Association nor the lOnglish Susst'x Herd Book 
Society use a score card. 

The general rule is, other things heing equal, the great(M- excellence lies in 
the same weight in the smaller anini.il. The Sussex lias heen noted from the 
earliest days for great weight in a small coiniiass. .nid the ohject of intelligent 
hreeders is to i>reserve this distinctive featiu-e. while encouraging early ma- 
turity and improving (lu.ality. .\ll well-hred and well-f.ittened Sussex cattle 
carry heavy Hesh on the hack, thickness up and down rather than across the 
hack, which giv«'s them great \veight for size and makes them a popular heast 
with the hutcher. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 
HOGS. 



17 




-kM^'H 



V ^- — 



Fig, 4. — Points of the hog, three-quarters front view. 



2. Face. 


9. Arm. 


19. Ribs. 2.5. Rump.* 


3. Eye. 


11. Leg. 


2t). Belly. 2»). Tail. 


4. Ears. 


14. Topline. 


21. Fore flank. 3.s. Thigh. 


5. Jowl. 


15. Crops. 


22. Underline, or hot- ;». Buttock. 


7. Shoulder vein, 


or 16. Back. 


tomline. :^1. Hock. 


neck vein. 


17. Loin. 


23. Hind flank. 


8. Shoulder. 


1«. Side. 


24. Hip. 




Fig. 5.— Points of the hog, side view. 



1. Snout. 


12. Pastern. 


5. Jowl. 


13. Feet. 


6. Neck. 


15. Crops. 


t<. Shoulder. 


Ifi. Back. 


9. Arm. 


17. Loin. 



10. Breast, or brisket. 18. Side. 

siorifj — No. n ;—()") M- 



19. Ribs. 
%). Belly. 
21. Fore flank. 
•£.',. Hind flank. 

24. Hip. 

25. Rump. 



27. Ham, or gammon. 
29. Buttocks. 
3(1. Twist, or crotch. 
31. Hock. 



18 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

MKlfKSIIIUK. 

Score curd dilo/ihil In/' I he Aiiirri<-<ni ncrhsliirc Axsocitttioii. 

I'oints. 
CoLOU. — lUiick, l>ut skill and li.-iii' 'occasionally sliowinj; liiij;t> of bronze or 

cojtpi'r color, with wliite on feet, face, tip of tail, and occasional splash 

on arm 4 

Fack AMD sNoiT. — The latter short, broad, and meaty, the former fine, 

well dished, and hroad between the eyes 9 

Eye. — Very clear, rather lar^e. dark hazel or irray 2 

Ear. — Sometimes almost erect, but {generally inclined forward, medium 

size 4 

Jowl. — Full and heavy, running back well on neck 4 

Neck. — Short and broad on toj) , 4 

Hair. — Fine and soft, inclined to thickness in male 3 

Skin. — Smooth an<l pliable 4 

Siioii.DER. — Sniootli and even on top and in line with side, tliick through 

chest 7 

Back. — Broad, long, and straight, or slightly arched, ribs well sprung 10 

Side. — Deep and well let down, straight side and bottom line 

Fla.nk. — Well b;ick and low down on leg. making nearly a straight line 

with lower part of side 5 

Loin. — Full and wide 8 

Ham. — Oeeji and thick, extending well up on back and holding thickness 

well down to hock 10 

Tail. — Well up on liiu' with back, not too tine, short, or tapering 2 

Legs and feet. — Short, straight, and strong, set wide apart, with hoofs 

nearly erect and cai)able of holding good weight 8 

Size and symmetry. — Size all that is ix)ssible without loss of quality or 

symmetry, with good length 7 

Style. — .Vtti-active, spirited, indicative of thorough breeding and consti- 
tutional vigor 3 



Total 100 

Score card adopted by the JSittioiidl AssuciiitioH of E-ipert Judges on Siriiic. 

DETAILED DESCRIPTION. 

Head and face. — Head short, broad, coming well forward at jtoll ; face short 
and fine and well dished, broad between the eyes. tai)ering from eyes to ])oint 
of nose, surface even and regulai-. 

Objections. — Head long, narrow, and coarse ; forehead low and narrow ; 
jaws narrow or contracted; lower jaw extending beyond upper; face long, 
straight between eyes; nose coarse, thick, or crooked, or ridgy. 

Eyes.— Very clear, rather large, dark, hazel, or gray. 

Objections. — Small, dull, bloodshot, dee]) set. or obscure: vision iniii.iired l>y 
wrinkles, fat, or other cause. 

Ears. — Generally ahnost erect, but sometimes inclined forward with .idvanc- 
ing age; medium size, thin, and soft. 

Objections. — Large. co;irse. thick, round, or drooping: long or large knuck : dif- 
ference in foriiL size, or itosition one with the other: animal unable to control 
their iwsitiou- 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 19 

Neck. — Full. deep, short, .-iiul sliglitly nrclied; brojul on to]); well coiiuectea 
with shoulder. 

Objeetious. — Long. tint, lackiiiff in fullness ;in«l depth. 

Jowl. — Full, tirm. and neat, earrying fullness baoU to shoulder and brisket. 

Objections. — Light, flabby, thin, tueked up. or wrinkled. 

Shoulder. — Broad, deep, and full ; not extended above line of back and being 
as wide on top as back, carrying size down to line of belly :ind having l:iter:il 
width. 

Objections. — Lacking in depth or width : thick beyond the line of sides and 
haius or extending above line of back : heavy shields on hogs under IS months 
of age. 

Chest. — Large, wide, deep, and roomy, full girth ; l»reastl)one curving well 
forward, extending back on level, not tucked up; broad between fore legs. 

Objections. — Flat, narrow at top or bottom, small girth, lacking depth or full- 
ness; breastbone crooked or tucked up. 

Back. — Broad and straight, carrying same width from shoulder to hanj. sur- 
face even and smooth, without creases or projections, and not too long. 

Objections. — Narrow, swayed, or hollow, dropping below a straight line. 

Sides and ribs. — Sides full, smooth, Arm. and dee[). carrying size down to 
belly and evenly from ham to shoulder. Kibs long, strong, well sprung at top 
and bottom. 

Objections. — Flat. thin, flabby, not as full ;it bottom as at top. Ribs weak, 
not well sprung at top or bottom. 

Belly and flank. — Wide, full, and straight (m bottom line. 

Objections.— Belly narrow and sagging. Flank thin and tucked up. 

IIaji and rumi>. — Hams broad, full, and long; the lower front part of haai 
should be full and stitle well covered with flesh, coming well down on hock. 
Rump should have a rounding sloi)e from loin to root of tail, same width as 
back and filling out on each .side and above the tail. 

Objections. — Ham naiTow, short, thin, not projecting beyond and coming 
down on hock ; cut up too high in crotch. Rump flat, narrow, and too steep. 

Legs and feet. — Legs short, straight, and strong, set wide apart, with hoofs 
erect and capable of holding good weight. 

Objections. — Legs long. slim, coarse, crooked: muscles light: pastern long, 
slim, or flat. Feet long or sprawling. 

Tail. — Set well up, fine, tapering, and neatly curled. 

Objections. — Coarse and straight, too low. 

Coat. — Fine, straight, smooth, lying close to and covering the body well, not 
clipped, evenly distributed over body. 

Objections. — Hair coarse, harsh, wavy, or curly, not evenly distributed over 
body, swirls or clipped. 

Color. — Black with white on feet, face, tip of tail, and an occasional splash 
on arm. 

Objections. — Solid black or black points, or white si)ots on body. 

Size. — Large for age. Boar 2 years and over not less than 450 pounds ; sow. 
same age, 400 pounds. Boar IS months. ',]~>() pounds ; sow. same age. 325 
pounds. Boar 12 months, 300 pounds : sow. same age. 275 i)ounds. Boar and 
sow, 6 months, 150 pounds. 

Objections. — l^nderweight, coarse, not in good form to fatten. 

Action and style. — Action, vigorous. Style, graceful and attractive. 

Objections. — Dull, sluggish, and clumsy. 



20 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, 

("d.NDiTioN. — Healthy; slvin rlcar of scurf, scales, ov son's; soft and mellow to 
the toucli. Flesli line, eveniy laid on, aiid free from lumiis. llalr soft and lyiiij; 
dose to body. (Joiid foediuf; (lualities. 

Objections. — Unhealtb.v ; skin scaly, scaltby, or liarsb; tlal)biiiess or linni>y 
flesh; too much fat for breeding. Hair liarsli. dry. and standing: up from body; 
poor feeders; deafness, partial or total. 

Disi'osrrioN. — Quiet and |j:entle and easy to handle. 

Objections. — Cross, restless, vicious, and wild. 

DISQrAI.IFUATIONS. 

Form. — Very larjie and heavy or drooiiiug ears; small, cramped chest; crease 
liack of shoulders and over the back so as to cause a depression in iiack easily 
noticed: deformed or crooked legs; feet broken down, so that the animal walks 
on pastern joints. 

SiZK. — Overgrown, gangling, narrow, i-ontracted, or not two-thirds large 
enough for age. 

Condition. — Karrenness, deformed, seriously diseased, total blindness from 
any cause. 

Score. — Less than (iO jjoints. 

Pedigree. — Not eligible to record. 

CHESHIRE. 

Score card ndoptcd hij the Clicsliirc Sirinc Breeders' Association. 

I Vol. Ill, (Mi.'sliir.- ll.T.i r.dok. I 

I'oints. 

Head. — Short to medium in length, short in iirojiortion to length of body.. 8 

Face. — Somewhat dished and wide between eyes 8 

.TowL. — Medium in fullness 3 

Ears. — vSmall. Hue, erect, and in old animals slightly pointed forward 5 

Neck. — Short and broad 3 

SiioiLDERS. — Broad, full, and deep 6 

Girth around heart 8 

Back. — Long, broad, and straight nearly to root of tail 10 

Side. — Deep and full, nearly straight on bottom line 7 

Flank. — Well back and low down, making tiank girth nearly equal to 

heart girth 3 

Hams. — Broad and nearly straight with back, and running well down to- 
ward hock 10 

Legs. — Small and slim, set well ai»art. supporting body well on toes 10 

Tail. — Small, slim, and tapering 3 

Hair. — Fine, medium in thickness and (piantity 3 

Color. — White, and colored hairs to disqualify 2 

Skin. — Fine and pliable, small blue spots objectionable, but allowable 3 

Symmetry. — Animal well proportioned, handsome, and stylish 8 

Total 100 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 



21 



CHESTER WHITE. 

^■corc card adopted In/ the Anirricaii Vhcstcr White Record Aftf^ociation. 



Poinls. 
Head. — Small. broad, slifj;htl,v 

dished ."> 

Eye. — Large and bright 2 

Ear. — ^Thin, fine, drooping 2 

Jowl. — Neat and full .". 

Neck. — Short, full, well arched .". 

Brisket. — Full and deep .■'. 

Shoulder. — Broad and deep 

Girth around heart 10 

Back. — Straiglit and broad 7 

Sides. — Deep and full G 

Ribs. — Well sprung_ 7 

Belly. — Wide and stniight 4 



I'oints. 

Girth around flank 10 

Ham. — Broad, full, and deep 10 

Limbs. — Strong. straight. and 

neat 7 

Tail. — Tapering, and not coarse, _ 2 

Coat. — Fine and thick 3 

Color. — White 1 

Action. — Prompt, easy, and grace- 
ful 5 

Symmetry 4 

Total 100 



detailed description. 



Head. — Short ; broad between the eyes, and nicely tapering from eyes to point 
of nose ; face slightly dished ; cheeks full. 

Objections. — Head coarse, long, and narrow; face straight or too much dished; 
snout coarse or thick. 

Eye. — Large, bright, aud free from overgrowing fat. 

Objections. — Small, dim. or hidden under protruding fat. 

Ear. — Drooping; thin; pointing outward and forward; well proportioned to 
size of body. 

Objections. — Too large and coarse; thick, lopping; lying too near the face; 
stiff, erect, or too small. 

Jowl. — Full, firm, and neat ; carrying fullness well l)a<'k to neck and brisket. 

Objections. — Flabby ; light ; thin in cheek ; tucking up under the neck. 

Neck. — Full, deep, short, and well arched. 

Objections.— Long ; flat ; lacking in fullness or dejith. 

Brisket. — Full; strong; well let down; extending well forward and on line 
of the belly. 

Objections.^Narrow or tucked up. 

Shoulder. — Broad ; deep ; thickness in proportion to the side and ham ; full 
and even on top. 

Objections. — Thick beyond the line of side and ham ; lacking in dei)th or 
width; blade prominent, or extending al)ove the line of the back. 

Girth around the heart. — Full back of shoulders ; ribs extending well 
down ; wide and full back of forelegs. 

Objections. — Measuring less than flank or length of body from top of the head 
to root of the tail. 

Back. — Broad; straight, or slightly arched, carrying width well liack to tho 
hams, and of medium length. 

, Objections. — Narrow; sinking back of shoulders; narrow across the loin; 
swayed; too long; sun-fish shaped. 

Sides. — Full; deep; carrying width and thickness well down and back. 

Objections. — Too round or flat ; shallow or thin at the flank. 



ii'J BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

ItiHS. — Well siM-uiifi: cMiTyiiif,' fullness woll l):i<k. Miid (Iccp. 

Ob.joctioiis. — T(K» tl;it: curve of rib too short: tucUiu;; in at bottom; sagj^ins 
about loin. 

Loin. — Broad, stron^r. and full. 

Objections. — Xarrow ; poorly ribbed up; weak. 

Belly. — Wide and straight : width ai>proxiniating that of the back. 

Objections. — digging; narrow: skin coarse, harsh, and thick. 

(iiRTH AKOiND FLANK. — Flank weJJ Jet down .-md full: loin broad, strong, and 
full : measure of fliink girth e(|ual to heart girth. 

Objections. — Flank thin, tucked in. or cut up too high; loin narrow oi- weak. 

IlAM. — Broad, full, deep, of medium length : coming down well over the hock. 

Objections. — Xarrow, short; running too far up the back; stee]i at the nunp. 

LiM IIS.— Medium length; short rather than long: set well ajiart, .md well 
under: muscles full above knee and hock: bone firm and not coarse; pasterns 
short and strong: foot short. 

Objections. — Long. slim, coarse, crooked: nuiscles light: pasterns long, slim, 
or flat : hoofs long or sprawling. 

Tail. — Small, tapering, smooth : well set on. 

Objections.^Coarse ; large; too prominent at the nmt. 

Coat. — Fine and thick. 

Objections. — Coarse; hair too long: wiry; harsh. 

Color. — White. (Blue spots in skin, and black sjiecks, shall not argue im- 
purity of blood.) 

Action. — Easy: i)rom]>t; tine and graceful. 

Objections. — Dull, sluggish, clumsy. 

Symmetry. — rniform build, and all points in animal in proportion. 

Objections. — Wanting in some points and too much developed in others. 

SHRIOUS Oli.TECTIONS. 

Form. — Small growth; ui»riglit ears; small, cramped chest: crease back of 
the shoulders, so as to be readily seen: deformed and badly crooked legs; feet 
iiroken down so that the animal walks on pastern joints and dewclaws. 

inSQrALIFICATIONS. 

Condition. — Excessive fat: barren: deformed; misound or diseased; ridg- 
ling, or one-seeded. 

Score. — A score of less than (JO points of the standard. 
Pedigree. — Lack of eligibility to record. 

Score card adopted by the Xational As.sDciatidii of IJ.riicrt Judges on Siciiic. 

DETAILED DESCRIPTION. 

Head and face. — Head short .ind wide: cheeks neat, but not too full: jaws 
broad and stivjng ; forehead medium, high and wide. Face short and smooth: 
wide between the eyes; nose mat and t.-ipering and slightly dished. 

Objections. — Head long, narrow and coarse; forehead low and narrow; jaws 
contracted ;ind weak. Face kng, narrow, and straight; nose coarse, clumsy, 
or dished like a Berkshire. « 

Eyes. — Large, bright, clear, and free from wrinkles of surrounding fat 

Objections. — Small, deep, or obscure; vision iinpiiire<l in ;iny way. 

Ears. — Medium size: not t<jo thick: soft: attached to the head so as not to 
look clumsy, pointing forward and slightly outward, fully under the control of 
the animal an<l drooi)ing so as to give a graceful api>ear.ince. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 23 

Objections. — Large, uprij,'lit, ((tarse. thick, rouiitl. too sinall ; drooping too close 
jlo the face, animal not being altle to control them. 

NpcK. — Wide, deep, short, and nicely arched. 

Objections. — Long, narrow, thin, flat on t<i]t. tnci^ed np. not extending down 
to the breastbone. 

.Jowl. — Full, smooth, neat, and Hrm, carrying fnllness back to shonlder and 
brisket when the head is carried up level. 

Objections. — Light, too large and flai>l>y, rough and deeply wrinkled, not 
carrying fullness back to shoulder and I»risket. 

Shoulder. — Broad, deep, and full, extending in a straight line with the side 
and carrying size down to line of belly. 

Objections. — Narrow at top or bottom, not full nor .same depth as body, ex- 
tending above line of back, shields on boars too coarse and prominent.. 

Chest. — Large, deep, and roomy, so as not to cramp vital organs, full in girth 
around the heart, the breast bone extending forward so as to show slightly in 
fi'ont of legs and let down so as to be even with line of belly, showing a width 
of not less than 7 inches between fore legs of a full-grown hog. 

Objections. — Narrow, pinched, heart girth less than flank girth, too far let 
down between fore legs, breastljone crooked or too short. 

Back and loin. — Back broad on top, straight or slightly arched, uniform 
width, smooth, free from lumps or rolls, shorter than lower belly line, same 
height and width at shoulders as at ham : loin wide and full. 

Objections. — Back narrow, ci-ease back of shoulders, sunflsh shape, humped, 
swayed, too long or lumpy rolls, uneven in width, loin narrow, depressed or 
humped. 

Sides and ribs. — Sides full, smooth, deep, carrying size down to belly, even 
with line of ham and shoulder; ril)s long, well sprung at top or bottom, giving 
bog a square form. 

Objections.^ — Flat, thin, flabby, compressed at bottom, shrunken at shoulder 
and ham, uneven surface ; ribs flat and too short. 

Belly and flank. — Same width as back, full, making a sti'aight line and 
dropping as low at flank as at bottom of chest, line of lower edge running iiar- 
allel with sides; flank full and even with body. 

Objections. — Belly narrow, iiinched, sagging or flabby; flank thin, tucked up, 
or drawn in. 

Ham and rump. — Ham broad, full, wide, long, and deep, admitting of no 
swells ; buttock full, neat, and clean, thus avoiding flabbiness ; stifle well covered 
with flesh, nicely tapering toward the hock ; rurni* should have a slightly round- 
ing shape from loin to root of tail, same width as back, making an even line 
with sides, 

Ol)jections. — Ham narrow, short, not filled out to stifle ; too much cut up in 
crotch or twist, not coming down to hock ; buttock flabby ; rump flat, narrow, too 
long, too steep, sharp or peaked at iT)ot of tail. 

Legs and feet. — Legs short, straight, set well apart, and squarely under l)ody ; 
bone of good size, firm, well muscled, wide above knee and hock, below knee and 
hock round and tapering, enabling the animal to carry its weight with ease; 
pastern short and nearly upright ; feet short, firm, tough, and free from defects. 

Objections. — Legs too short, long. sHul crooked, too coarse, too close together; 
weak nuiscles above hock and knee; bone large and coarse, without tai)er: jtas- 
tern long, crooked, slim like a deer's; hoofs long, slinu weak, toes spreading, 
crooked, or turned ui>. 

Tail.— Small, smooth. tai>ering, well set on. root slightly covered with flesh, 
carried in a curl. 

Objections. — Coarse, long, clumsy, set too high or too low. hanging like a rope. 



24 Bl'RKAr (»F ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

('„.^T, — Fiiio. straijilit or wavy, t'vciily distrilnitcd and cuveriii^x tlif Ixxly well; 
nicoly clipped coats no oli^oction. 

Objections. — liristles, lyiir coarse, thin, standing' up, nui evenly distributed 
over the body, except the belly. 

Color. — White (blue spots or black spe<Us in skin shall not arj;ue impurity of 
blood). 

OI).iections. — Color any other (ban white. 

Size. — Larjie for af,'e and (-ondition. P.oar 2 years .-md over, if in good 
flesh, should weijili not less than ."i(i(i pounds; sow, same aj;e and condition, not 
less tli:in 4')0 i)ounds. Boars 18 months old. in good flesh, should weigh not less 
than 4(»l» i)ounds ; sows. :;."»<». Hoars ^'2 months old, not less than oOU i»ounds; 
sows. .'{(to. Boars and sows (I months old. not less than l.ltj pounds each, and 
other ages in i)ro])oilion. 

Objections. — Overgrown, coarse, uncouth, hard to fatten. 

Action and style. — Action, easy and graceful ; style attractive, high car- 
riage; in males testicles should be rc^ulily seen; same size and carri:ige. 

Objections. — Sluggish, awkwai'd. low carriage, wabbling w;ilk : in ni.-iles 
testicles not easily seen, not of same size or carriage or only one showing. 

Condition.— Healthy ; skin clear and bright, free from scurf and sores; flesh 
fine and mellow to the touch, eveidy laid on and free from lumps; good feeding 
(pialities. 

olijectioiis. — rnhealthy ; skin scaly, scabby or harsh; flesh lumpy or flabby; 
hair harsh, dry, and standing u|) from body; poor feeders; total deafness. 

Disposition. — Quiet, gentle, and easily handled, with ambition enough to look 
out for themselves if neglected. 

Objections. — Cross, restless, vicious, or wild; no ambition. 

DISQl'AI.ll'ICATIONS. 

Form. — Upright ears; small, crami)ed chest: crease around back of shoulders 
and over the back, causing a dei»ression easily noticed; feet broken down, 
causing the animal to walk on joints; deformed or badly crooked legs. 

Size. — Chuffy or not two-thirds large enough for age. 

Condition. — S(|uabby fat. deformed, seriously diseased, barrenness, total 
blindness. 

Score. — Less than (jO points. 

Pedigree. — Not eligible to record. 

Color. — Black or sandy spots in hair. 



(tino IMPROVED CHESTER SWINE. 
Score card udo/jlcd hy the Ohio Improved Chester Sicine Breeders' Association. 



Color 

Head and face 

Ears 

Jowl 

Neck 1 

Brisket 

Shoulders 

Chest and heart girth- 
Back 

Sides 

Ribs 

Loin 



I'oints. 
... 2 



4 
(■> 
10 
7 
(> 
7 
7 



Belly 

Flank 

Ham and rump 
Tail 

Le.g.s 

Feet - 

Coat 

Action 

Symmetry 



Points. 
-_ 4 
_- 3 

__ 10 



Total 100 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 25 

DETAILED DESCKI I'TION. 

Color. — Whito. I'.lack j^pots in hair disqunlity. I)iit hluo spots in hide (com- 
monly Ivnown as frecklos) while objeftionahlc do not ariinc impurity of blood. 

Objections. — Color any other than white. 

Head and face. — Head short and wide: cheeks neat (not too full) ; jaws broad 
and strong; forehead medium, high, and wide; face short and smooth; wide be- 
tween the eyes, which should be prominent, clear, and bright, and fwi^ from 
surrounding fat; nose neat, tapering, and slightly dished. 

Objections. — Head long, narrow, or coar.se; forehead low and narrow; jaws 
contracted and weak ; face long, narrow, and straight ; nose coarse, clumsy, or 
dished like a Berkshire; eyes small, deeply sunken, (u- obscure; in;p;iired vision. 

Ears. — Medium size, soft, not too thick, not clumsy, jtointing fin-ward and 
slightly outward, drooi»ing gracefully and fully under control of the animal. 

Objections. — Too large or too small ; coarse; thick; stift" or upright ; droop- 
ing too close to face; not under -control. 

Brlsket. — Full ; well let down : joined well to jowl in line with belly. 

Objections. — Narrow ; tucked up or dei>res.sed. 

Jowl. — Smooth; neat; firm; full; carrying fullness well back to shoulders 
and brisket when head is carried uit level. 

Objections. — Light; rough and deei>ly wrinkled; too large and tlabby ; not 
carrying fullness back to shoulders and brisket. 

Neck. — Wide; deep; short and nicely arched; neatly tapering from head to 
ghoulder. 

Objections. — Narrow; thin; long; Hat on top; tucked up; not extending 
down to breast bone. 

Shoulders. — Broad; deep and full; extending in line with the side, and car- 
rying size down to line of belly. 

Objections. — Deficient in width or depth ; extending above line of back ; thick 
l)eyond line of sides and hams ; shields on boars too coarse and i)roininent. 

Chest and heart girth. — Full around the heart and back of the shoulders ; 
ribs extending well down ; wide and full l>ack of fore legs. 

Objections. — Narrow ; pinched ; heart girth less than flank measure or length 
of body from top of head to root of tail ; or creased back of shoulders. 

Back. — Broad; straight or slightly arched; uniform width; free from lumps 
or rolls; same height and width at shoulder as at ham. 

Objections. — Narrow; swayed; humped; creasing back of shoulders; sun- 
fish-shaped ; uneven width ; lumps or rolls. 

Sides. — Full; smooth; deei) ; carrying size down to line of belly; even with 
line of ham and shoulder. 

Objections. — Flat; thin; flabby; uneven surface; compressed at bottom; 
shrunken at shoulder ;ind ham. 

Ribs. — Long; well si>rung at to]) and I)ottom, giving animal a square form. 

Objections. — Too short; flat. 

Loin. — Broad and full. 

Objections. — Narrow ; depressed. 

Belly. — Same width as back; full; straight; drooi)ing as low at flank as 
at bottom of chest; line of lower edge rumiing parallel with sides. 

Objections. — Narrow ; pinched ; sagging or fl.iblly. 

Flank. — Full and even with body. 

Objections. — Thin, tucked up. or drawn in. 

Ham and rumi*. — Broad; full; long; wide and deep, admitting of no 
swells; buttocks full, neat, and clean; stifle well covered with flesh, nicely 

310,"(; — No. "i;— 0."t M i 



20 BUKKAI' OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

tapt'riujj; towjird tlio liocU : niiii;> sli.Lilitly i-diuulinir Iroiu Iniii to mot of tnil, 
sanio wkltli as back, iiiakiiij,' an I'vcii liiic w ith sidos. 

Objeetiuns. — Narrow: sliorl : not filled out to stifle; toi> imn-h cut u\< iu 
crotch or twist: uof cnminLr dowu to hock: buttocks flabby: ruuiji tiat. uarrow, 
too long, too steej), sharp or lu'akcd at I'odf o[' tail. 

Tail. — Small; suiooth : ulcoly tapcri'ii; : rnot slit^htly covered with tiesh ; 
carried in a curl. 

Objection.s. — Coarse: tooloiiir: cluuisy : straiirht. 

I,Kt;s. — Medium length ; strong and straight ; set well apart and well under 
body; lione of good size: tirm : well muscled: wide above knee and hoi-k, 
round :ind taitering below knee and hock, enabling the animal to carry its 
weight with ease: i)asterns short .-u.-.l nearly ui)right. 

Objections. — Too short or too long: weak: ci'ooked : too close together; 
nnisele weak : bone too large and coarse, without taiier: pasterns long, crooked, 
or slim. 

Pkkt. — Short; firm: tough; animal standing well up on toes. 

Ob.iections. — Hoofs long. slim, weak; toes spreading, crooked, or turned up. 

Coat. — Fine: either stniiglit oi- wavy, witli preference for slraiglit : evenly 
distributed and covering the body well; nicely diiijied coats no objection. 

Objections. — Bristles: swirls; hair coai-se. thin, standing up. not evenly 
distributed over all the body except the belly. 

Action. — Easy and graceful: high carriage: active; gentle and easily han- 
dled. In males testicles should be readily seen and of same size and carriage. 

Objections. — Sluggish; awkward: low carriage; wild: vicious. In males 
testicles not distinctly visible <ir not of same size and carriage. 

Symmetry. — A fit proportion of the several parts of the body to each other, 
forming a harmonious combination. 

Objections. — A disproportionate dev(>lopnient in one or more points, or lack 
of proper development in any point. 

Dl HOf JEKSKV. 

Staitihird of cdX-cUoicc (nloptcd by the Aiiicrictin Diiroc Jersey Su-inc Breeders' 

Association. 



The color is a very important factor in estiiblishing the fancy markings of 
any of the imi)roved breeds of swine, and it seems as though the Duroc 
Jersey is no exception. Our breeders (at least many of them) seem not to 
have the right idea as to what our "standard v)f characteristics" means by the 
term " cherry red." 

There are many shades of red. and we shall here endeavctr to make some 
suggestions which w ill i-nable breeders to ix'wv the exact color of their hogs sent 
ill for registration. 

The best way is to take a few hairs from the back of the animal and hold 
them in a bright light, and then you can tell very accurately the exact color. 
ir the hair is a dear. de»'p ivd. not shading brown or black at tlie end. you havt' 
.1 cherry-red color and should be recorded as "cherry red." Should the hair be 
as above and shading brown or bhick, it should be recorded as "dark cherry." 
Should the h;iir be lighter and glossy in the sunlight, they should bt- rt'corded 
as "bright red" or "bright cherry." Should the hair be light and have a dull 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 



27 



.•i]ip(';iriUU'e, it sIiduM be rec-ortled as " iiicdiuiu.'" Sliouhl tlio hair be dark oi' 
.sliadiiis black, it should he recorded as " dark I'ed." 

The most fashiouahlo color and one our breeders should use every possiidt? 
means to establish in their herds is ii "cherry red," and as speedily as possible 
discard all animals with black spots or flecks and avoid very light or dark 
shades in their selection of breeding animals. 

SCORE CARD. 

[Amerioan Duroc .Jersey KeiMird, Volume X\". inm.) 

REVISKI) SCALE OF POINTS. 



Head and face 

Eyes 

Ears 

Neck 

Jowl 

Shoulders 



Points. 
4 



2 

2 

6 

Chest -. 12 

Back and loins !."> 

Sides and ribs 8 

P.elly and Hank (! 

Hams and rump 10 



Legs and feet 

Tail 

Coat 

Color 

Size 

Action and style- 
Condition 



I'oints. 

_- 10 

1 



4 

4 

Disposition 3 

Total 100 



DETAILKI) llESCRIPTION. 

Practically the same as that in the score card of the National Association of 
Expert Judges on Swine. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

Form. — Ears standing erect ; small, cramped chest, and crease back of shoul- 
ders, so as to cause a dei)ression in the back easily noticed; seriously defcu-nu'd 
legs and badly broken-down feet. 

Size. — Very small, or not over half size as given in this standard. 

Conditions. — Excessive fatness: liarrenness ; deformed; seriously diseased, 
and blindness. 

Score. — Less tlian .">() points. 

Pedigree. — Not eligiitle to record. 

Score card adDiital bi/ tlir Xdfioinil Duroc Jer-scy Record Association. 

I Natioiiiil Diiroc-.Iersey Kecoi-d, Vobinie XI, IOCS.] 

SCALE OF points. 

Same as that of the American Duroc Jersey Swine P.reeders" Association, 
except that - points are allowed for hc.id and 4 for eyes. 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION. 



Practically the same as that in the s<'ore card of the .\:itional Association of 
Expert Judges on Swine. 



28 BUREAU OI-' axi:mai, industry. 

Scare curil utl(H>lril hi/ tin Xati'iiml AsNociiitinii nf IJ.iinrt -huliivx an Sirinc. 
I)i:taii.i:i) dksi Kirriox. 

IIkai) and fack. — II(>;i(l siiinll in proportion to size of liody. wide lictwet'ii 
oyi's : r;ic(> nirely (lishod (nhout Inilfwny botwccn n I'oland Uliinn iind a P.i>rk- 
sliii'i') and taiiiTiiiir wi'li down to tlic nose: surface sniootli an<l even. 

()!).it>ctions. — LariTt' and coai'sc. narrow lu'twi-cn the eyes ; face straijrht ; 
crooivt^l nose, or too nmcli dished. 

Eyes. — Lively, liri.ulit. and prominent. 

Ob.leetions. — Dull, wealv. and ol>scnre. 

Ears. — Medium, moderately tliin. jiointiufr foi'wai-d. downward, and sliirlitly 
outward, t-arrying a slijiht curve, attaclied to head very neatly. 

Objections. — Very larj^e. nearly round, too thick. swinirin.i,' or tlalil>y. not of 
same size, different position, aiid not und(>r control of animal. 

Ni'X'K. — Short, thicl<, iind very dceii and sliixhtly arching. 

Ohjeetion.s.- — Long, shallow. :ind lliin. 

Jowl. — Broad, full, and neat, c.irrying fullness hack to jioint of shoulders 
and on a line witii breastbone. 

Objections. — Too large, loo.se, and flahliy, small, thin, and wedging. 

SiiouhDERS. — Moderately broad, very deej) and full, carrying thickness well 
down and not extending above line of back. 

Objections. — Small, thin, shallow. c.\tending iibove line of back. Boars under 
1 year old heavily shielded. 

("UEST. — Large, very deep, filled full behind slioulders. breastbone extending 
well forward so as to be readily seen. 

Objeetion.s. — Flat, shallow, or not extending well down between fori' legs. 

Back and loin. — Back medium in br(>adth. straight, or slightly arching, 
carrying even width from shoulder to ham. surface even and suKtoth. 

Objections. — Narrow, creased behind shouhh'rs. swayed or humpbacked. 

SiiiKS A.Ni) KUis. — Sides very deep, medium in length, level between shoulders 
and hams. and carrying out full down to line of itelly. Hilis long, strong, and 
sprung in proportion to width of shoulders .and hams. 

Objection.s. — Flabby, creased, shallow, and not c;irrying jiropi'r wiilth from 
top to bottom. 

Belly a.nd flank. — Straight and full and cai-rying well out to line of sides. 
Flank well down to lower line of sides. 

Objections. — Narrow, tucked up or drawn in, sagging or flabby. 

Hams a.nd kump. — Broad, full, and well let down to the hock ; buttock full and 
coming nearly down and filling full between hocks. Bump should have a round 
sloi)e from loin to root of tail, same width as back and well filled out around tail. 

Objections. — Ham narrow, short, thin, not projecting well down to hock; cut 
up too high in crotch. Rump narrow, flat, or peaked at root of tail ; too steei». 

Legs and feet. — .Medium size and length, straight, nicely tapered, wide apart 
and well set under the body, jiasterns short and strong. Feet short. Arm. and 
tough. 

Objr<tions. — Legs extremely long, or very short, slim, coarse, crooked; legs 
as large below knee and hock as above; set too close togi'ther ; hocks turned in 
or out of str.night line. Fei't ; hoofs long. slim. an(i weak; toes s]ire;iding or 
crooked. 

Tail.— Meiliuni ; large at b.ase and nicely tapci'ing and rather imshy at end. 

Objections. — Extremely heavy;. too long and ropy. 

Coat. — Moderately thick and fine; straight, smooth. ;ind covi-ring the body 
well. 



THE i^COHE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 29 

Objections. — Too lu.-iiiy bristles; hair coarse, liarsli, and rouyli ; wavy or eurly, 
s\virl3 or not evenly laid over tlie body. 

Color. — Cherry red, witlumt other admixtures. 

Ob.1ections. — Very dark red or shading brown, very jiale or liglit red. l)laelc 
spots over the body; blaek tieeks on l)elly and legs not desira.ble, but admissible. 

Size. — Large for age and condition. Boars 2 yeai-s old and over should weigh 
000 pounds; sow same age and condition, .">(»(» jiounds; boars 18 months. 475 
pounds; sow. 400 pounds; boars 12 months. :\r><) pounds; sow, ."00 pounds; boar 
and sow pigs (> montlis, l.lo pounds. These figures are for animals in a fair 
show condition. 

Objections. — Rough and coarse and backing in feeding qualities. 

Action and style. — Action, vigorous and animated. Style, free and easy. 

Objections. — Dull or stupid, awkward and waiibling. In boars testicles not 
easily seen nor of sanie size or carriage; too large or only one showing. 

Condition. — Healthy; skin free from any scurf, scales, sores, and mange; 
fiesh evenly laid over the entire body and free from any lumps. 

Objections.- — Unhealthy, scurfy, scaly, sores, mange ; too fat for breeding pur- 
poses ; hair harsh and standing up; poor feeders. 

Disposition. — Very quiet and gentle; easily handled or driven. 

Objections. — Wild, vicious or stubborn, 

niSQlAl.IEK'ATIONS. 

Form. — Ears standing erect, small cranqied chest, iind crease liack of shoul- 
ders and over back so as to cause a depression in the back easily noticed ; 
seriously deformed legs, or badly l)roken down feet. 

Size. — Very small, or not two-thirds large enough as given by the standard. 

Score. — Less than .50 ])oints. 

Pedigree. — Not eligible to record. 

HAMPSHIRE (tHIX RIXd) . 

Score curd adoptrd Iti/ ilu American Hainp><hir( Siriiie Record Association. 

DETAILED DESCRIPTION. 

Points. 
Head and face. — Head medium length, rather narrow, cheeks not full ; 
face nearly straight and medium width between the eyes, surface even 
and regular 4 

Objections. — Head large, coarse. ;iiid ridg.\ ; nose crooked or nuich 
dished. 

Eyes. — Bright and lively, free from wrinkles or surrounding fat 2 

Objections. — Small, dee]), or obscure, or vision impaired by fat or 
other cause. 

Ears. — ^ledium length, thin, slightly in( lined outw.-ird and forward 2 

Objections. — Large, coarse, thick, large, or long knuck. drooping 
or not under good control ()f the animal. 

Neck. — Short, well set to shoulders, tajx-ring from shouldi'rs to head 2 

OI)jections. — Long, thick, or bulky. 

Jowl. — Light and tapering from neck to point, neat and lirm 2 

Objections. — Large, broad, deep, or tlabby. 

Shoulders. — Deep, medium width and fullness, well in line with back 

01)jections. — Narrow on top or bottom, tiiiek beyond line with sides 
and hams. 



30 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

I'olnts. 
CiiKsi. — LarjiP. (loop, ;nul roomy; full glrtli, extending down even with 

liiK' of holly 12 

( thjcctions. - .Nnrrow nt top or Iiottoni : small ;,'ir1h. craiiii'i'd or 
tucked up. 
Back and i.oin. — I'.ack strai.tiht or slijihtly arched: niediuni hrcadlh. with 
nearly uniform thickness from shoulders to hams and full at loin; 

sometimes hiiiher ;it hii)s lli.iii at shouhlers 15 

Oh.iections. — Narrow, creased, or drooped liehind shouhh'rs; )-uv- 
face rid,i;y or uneven. 
Sides anu rihs. — Sides full, smooth, firm ; carry size evenly from shoul- 
ders to hams: rihs stron.s;, well spruui; at top and itottom 8 

Oh.iections. — Sides thin, flat, tlahhy. or creased, or rihs not well 
sprung. 
Bei.i.v AM) Fi.AXK. — Straight and full, devoid of crossness: ti;ink full 

and running nearly on line with sides tJ 

Uhjections.— lielly sagging or tiahhy : liank thin or tucked up. 
llAM.s AM) lUMP. — Ilams of medium width, long and deep; rump slightly 
rounded from loin to root of tail ; huttock full and neat and Hrm, 

devoid of tlahhiness or exeessive fat 10 

Oh.iections. — Ham narrow, cut too Iiigh in crotch, huttock tiahhy, 

rump too that, too narrow, or too steep or peaked at mot of tail. 

Legs a.xd iekt. — Legs medium length, set well ap.irt and s(|uarely under 

hod.v. wide ahove knee and hock and rounded .-uid well nuiscled helow, 

tapering: hone medium; pasterns short and nearly upright; toes short 

and tirm, euahling the animal to carry its weight with ease 10 

OI>.iectious. — r^'.gs too long, slim, crooked, coarse, (u* short; weak 
muscles ahove hock and knee hone large and coarse and legs without 
taper: pasterns t^o long to correspond with leuglh of leg. too crooked 
or too slender: feet long, slim and weak: toes s|)re:iding, tco long, 
crooked, oi- turned uii. 

Tail. — .Medium length, sligiitly curled 1 

Ohjectious. — Coarse, long, clumsy, swinging like a i)eudulum. 

("OAT. — Fine, straight, smooth 2 

Oh.iections. — Bristles or swirls, cojirse or curly. 
(.^OLOR. — Black, with exception of white lielt encircling hody, including 

forelegs 2 

Ohjeetions. — White running high on hind legs or extending more 
than one-fourth length of hody, or solid hl.ick. 
Size. — Large for condition : hour 2 years .-md over, 4.">(t pounds : sows same 
age, 400 i>ouuds; 18 months hoar. ."..")<» pounds; sow, '.\'27) jiounds; 12 

months hoar or sow. •'iOO pounds; (5 months, hoth sexes, 140 jtounds 5 

Action and style. — Active, vigorous, (juick, and graceful ; style, attractive 

and spirited 4 

Oh.iections. — Dull, sluggisii, and clumsy. 
Condition. — Healthy: skin free from .all defects; tiesh evenly hiid on and 
smooth and tirm, not patchy, and devoid of ,m11 excess of grossness. 

Oh.iections. — Skin scurfy, scaly, mangy, oi- otherwise unhealthy; 
hair harsh, dwarfed, or cramped, not growthy. 

Disposrno.N. — Docile, (juiet, and easily h.mdled 3 

01).iectious. — Cross, restless, vicious, or with no ainhition. 

Total 90 



THE SC'ORE CARD TX STOCK BREEDING. 81 

DISQIAI.II'UATIOXS. 

CoLOK. — Siiotted or nion^ tli;ui two-thirds white. 

FoKM. — Any radical deformity, oars very lariro or (h'oopini,' over eyes, crooked 
or weak le.us, or i)roken-down feet. 

CoxDiTiox. — Seriovisly impaired or diseased, excessive grossiiess, harreniiess 
in animals over 2 years of age. chufly or squabby fat. 

Size. — Not two-thirds standard weight. 

Pedigree. — Not eligible to record. 

roT,.VNI) CIIIXA. 

tScitlc (jf p'tiiits (iiloiitcti hi) the Xafimiiil I'oUiinl Cliinii Brcrdcrs' AsMfx-iatioii at 
llic (iinnial mcctiii;/ .licJiJ in Cliicdi/o in Xorcnilicr. JiSSd. 

lOliio I'olaiul Cliiiia ItiHord, \'(iliinu' .\XI\'. I'.i02: American I'olami China licccird. N'oliime 

XI. ISOO.] 

I'oints. 

Color. — Dark, s|)otted. or lilack .3 

Head. — Small, l)road; face slightly dished 5 

I'Iars, — Fine and drooi)ing 1* 

Jowl. — Neat and full 2 

Neck. — Short, full, slightly arched 3 

Brisket.— Full 3 

Shoulder. — Broad and deei» (5 

(JlRTH around heart 10 

Back. — Straight and broad 7 

Sides. — Deep and full 

Ribs. — Well si)rung ^ : 7 

liOiN. — Broad and .strong 7 

Belly. — Wide and straight 4 

Flaxk. — Well let down 3 

ITam. — Broad, full, and deep 10 

Tail. — Tai)ering and not coarse 2 

Limbs. — Strong, straight, and tapering 7 

Coat. — Thick and soft 3 

Action. — Prompt, easy, and graceful 5 

Sym.metry. — Adaptation of the several points to each other 5 

Total 100 

detailed description. 

Color. — Pdack or dark spotted, with white points. (Sandy spots and speckled 
color shall not argue impurity of blood, but are not desirable.) 

Objections. — Solid black or with more sandy or white than black hairs on 
body. 

Head. — Short, broad between the eyes, and nicely tain-ring from eyes to point 
of nose; face slightly dished; cheeks full. 

Objections. — Head coarse, long, and narrow; face too nuicli dished; sn^ \it 
coar.se and thick. 

K.\RS. — Drooi)ing, tine, and silky; jiointing forward and a little outward; well 
jtroportloned to size of itody. 

Objections. — Too large and coarse; liiick. lopping; lying too near the face; 
stiff, erect, or too round. 

Jowl. — Full, tirm, and neat, carrying fullness well liacj; to shoulder anel 
brisket. 



82 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, 

Oli.ioftioiis.^Flahliy. liuMit. Iliiii in clit'cks. tucking: up uiulcr llic iiccU. 

Xkck. — Full. (U'cp. sliiii'l. .111(1 slif^litl.v arclifd. 

Oitjet-tions. — Loii!,'. Hat. lacking in fullness or ih-plli. 

Brisket. — Full, well let down, extcn<lin.i,' well I'nrward and nn line with hdly. 

Objections. — Narrow of tucked up. 

Snoi'LOKKis. — Hroad, deep, thickness in proportion to the sides and hams, lull 
iind even on top. 

Ohjections. — LackiiiLC in depth or width, thick l>eyoiid the lines ot" llie sides 
and hams, hlade too prominent. 

(Jiinii .VKoiM) iiKAKT. — Full haci; of shoulders; rihs extending' well down; 
wide and full hack of fore legs. 

Ohjections. — Less tliati flank measure or length of hody from top of head to 
root of tail, or creased hack of shoulders. 

F.ACK. — liroad. straight or slightly arched, carrying width well hack to h;ims, 
and of medium length. 

Ohjections. — Narrow; creasing hack of shoulders; narrow across the loins; 
swayed; too long; suntish sh.-iped. 

Loi.x. — r.road. strong, and full. 

Ohjections. — Narrow, weak. 

Sides. — Full, deep; carrjMiig sides well down and hack. 

Objections. — Too round or flat: shallow or thin at the flank. 

Rins. — Well sprung and long, carrying fullness and depth well back. 

Ohjections. — Too flat; curve of ribs too short. 

I'.Ei.i.Y.^Wide and straight. 

Objections.- — Sagging : nariMw. 

Fl.v.xk. — Well let down an<l full. 

Objections. — Thin; tucked in; cut u]t too high. 

IIa.m. — Full, broad. dee]i. holding width and coming well down over hock. 

Objections. — N.irrow, short, too steep at the rump, and cut up too high in 
crotch. 

Tail. — Well set on; sm;ill. smooth and well tapered. 

Objections. — t'oarse. large, too prominent at the root. 

LiMiis. — Medium length; well set apart and well tapered; Ixine firm and 
flinty, not coarse; muscles full above knee and hock; pastern short; foot short. 

Objections. — Long. slim, coarse, crooked, muscles light: ]»astern long. slim, or 
flat ; feet long or sprawling. 

Coat. — Fine, thick, and covering the body well. 

Objections. — Coarse, bristly, harsh and wiry. 

Action. — Fasy. prompt, tine, and graceful. 

Objections. — Dull, sluggish, clumsy. 

Symmetky. — A harmonious conibjnation of the foregoing scale of points. 

Objections. — Too much developed in some points and lacking in other.s. 

SKHIOIS OlMKCTtONS. 

FoR.M. — Small growth; upright ears; sm.all. cramped chest ; crease iiack of the 
shoulders, so as to be readily seen ; deformed and b.idly <rooked legs; feet broken 
down so that the animal walks on pastern joints and dewclaws. 

I)|S(^IAI.I11( ATIONS. 

CoN'DiTio.N. — Kxcessiv(> fat-; b;irren : defttniied ; unsound or disea.sed ; ridgling 
or oiK'-sei'ded. 

Score. — A score of less than r.o points of the standard. 
I'euioree. — Lack (jf eligibility to record. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 



33 



Scale (if points adoptcil hi/ Sniilli ir<'st<rii I'olinul Cliiiiti Record As.s(jeiatio)i. 



I'oints. 

Head and face 4 

Eyes ; 2 

Ears 2 

Neck :__ 2 

Jowl 2 

Shoulders 6 

Chest 12 

Back and loin 15 

Sides and ribs 8 

Belly and flank 6 

Hams and rump 10 



Feet and legs 

Tail 

Coat 

Color 

Size 

Action and style 

Condition 

Disposition 



Points. 
.- 10 
— 1 



Total 100 



Score card adopted hii the standard Poland China Record Axsociution. 

SCALE 6F points. 

Same as that of National Association of Expert Judges on Swine, except that 
4 points are allowed on color and 2 on symmetry. 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION. 

Head and face. — Head short and wide; cheeks full: jaws broad; forehead 
high and wide ; face short, smooth, wide between the eyes, tapering from eyes to 
point of nose and slightly dished surface, even and regular. 

Objections. — Head long, narrow, coarse ; forehead low and narrow or con- 
tracted ; lower jaw extending beyond upper ; face long, straight, and narrow 
between the eyes ; nose coarse, thick, or crooked, ridgy, or dished as much as a 
Berkshire. 

Eyes. — Large, prominent, bright, lively, clear, and free from wrinkled or 
surrounding fat. 

Objections. — Small, dull, bloodshot, deep set, or obscure: vision impairtMl by 
wrinkles, fat. or other cause. 

Ears. — S}nall, thin, soft, silky, attached to the head by a short and small 
knuck, tips jiointing forward and slightly outward, and the forward half droop- 
ing gracefully, fully under control of animal, both of same size, position, and 
shape. 

Neck. — Wide, deep, short, and nicely arched at top from poll of head to 
shoulder. 

Objections. — Long, narrow, thin, flat on top, not extending down to bre.ist 
bone, tucked up. 

Jowl. — Full, broad, deep, smooth, and firm, carrying fullness bade near to 
point of shoulders and below line of lower jaw. so that lower line will be as 
low as breast bone when head is cirried up level. 

Objections. — Light, flabby, thin, wedge-shaped, dee[)ly wrinkled, not droop- 
ing below line of lower jaw. and not carrying fullness liack to shoulder and 
brisket. 

Shoulder. — Broad, deep, and full, not extending above line of b:ick and iieing 
as wide on top as on back, c.irrying size down to line of belly and b.iving good 
lateral width. 



34 BUREAU OF ANIMAL iNDTSTRA'. 

< •lij('clj<«u»;. — NiiriMW niid imt miihc dcjith ;;s liotly. iinri-ow .-it tup uv bottom 
or cxtt'iuliiifr .-iltove line of biuk. less than body in breadtli at top or bottom 
ltoi-ti<»ns. or lackin;: in lateral width: shields on boars under S months of aj^e, 
or larjie. heavy shields on hoj^s under is monllis of aj;e. 

Chest. — Large, wide, deej), roomy, indicatin;,' plenty of room for vital or>j;ans, 
making a hirge girth just b.-icU of the shoulders, the ltreastl>one extending 
forward so as to show slightly in front of legs and extending in a straight 
line back to end of breastlxme. siiowing a width of not less than f, inches 
between fore legs in a large, full-grown hog. 

Object ions." — Flat, . pinched, narrow at top or I'ither end of bre.istbone; breast- 
bone crooked or not extending slightly in front of fore legs. 

Back and loin. — Broad, straight, or slightly arched, c.-irrylng same width 
from shoulder to ham : surface even, smooth, free from lumjis. creases or pro- 
jections ; not too long. l)ut broad on top. indicating well-sprung ribs; should 
not lie higher on iiip tlian at shoulder, and should till out at junction with 
side so that a straightedge placed tilong top of side will touch all the way 
from i>oint of shoulder to iioint of ham; should be shorter than Unver belly line. 

Objections. — Narrow, creased back of shoulders, swayed or hollow, drooping 
below a straight line, hiunped or wrinkled, too long or sunfish shai)ed; loin 
liigh, narrow, depressed, or humped up. surface lumjiy, creas^vl. ridgy, or uneven; 
width at side not as much as shoulder and li.im. 

SiDKs AM) KH'.s. — Sldes full, suiooth, firm, and deeii. c.-irrying size down to 
belly and evenly from ham to shoulder; ribs long, strong, well spi-ung ;it top 
and bottom. 

Objections. — Flat, thin, flabby, ])inched, not as full at bottom as at top, 
drawn in at shoulder so as to produce a crease, or pinched and tucked uf) and 
In as it approaches the ham ; lumpy or inieven surface; ril)S flat or too short. 

Bklly and flank. — Wide, straight, and full, and droi)ping as low as Hank at 
bottom ( f chest, hack of fore leg, making a straight line from fore legs to hind 
legs; tiank full and out even with surrounding portions of body, the belly at 
that jioint dri)pping down on a line with lower line of chest; the loose skin 
connecting ham and belly being on a line even with bottom or side. 

Obj«'ctions. — Belly narrow, pinched, sagging, or tlabby ; tiank thin, tucked up, 
or dr;iwn in. 

Hams and lu.Mr. — Hams broad, full. long, and wide. The,v should be as 
v.ide at point of the hip as at the swell of the ham. Buttocks large and 
full : should i)roject beyond and come down upon and till full between the hocks. 
The lower front jcirt of the ham should be full, .and stitie well covered with 
tiesh. and a gradual rounding toward the hock. Kumj) should have a rounding 
slope from the loin to root of tail ; same width as back, and tilling out full on 
each side of and above the. tail. 

Objections. — Ham narrow, short, thin, not projecting beyond and connng 
down to hock: cut up too high in crotch twist; lacking in fullness at top or 
bottom ; lacking in width from stitie straight hack ; lower fore part thin and 
flat; straight from root of tail to hock; buttocks light, thin, or tiabby ; rump 
flat, n.arrow, and i)eaked at root of tail ; too steep. 

Legs and feet. — Legs medium length, straight, set well :ip.irt ;ind scpiarely 
under the body, tapering, well nniscled, ;uid wide above knee and hock ; below 
hock and knee round and t.-ipering, capable of sustaining weight of animal in 
full rtesli without breaking down; bone firm and of fine texture; pasterns 
short and nearly upright. Feet Hnn. short, tough, and free from defects. 

Objections. — Legs long, slim. coarse, crooked, muscles snjall above hock and 



THE SCORE CARD TX STOCK BREEDING. 35 

kr.ee: Itoiie larfjje. coarse, as larire at toot as aliove knee; jiasterns Ions, slim, 
crooked, or v,(>ak ; the liocks turned in or out of straight line; legs too close 
together: hoofs long. slim, and weak, toes spreading or crooked, or unable to 
bear ui) weight of animal without breaking down. 

Tail. — Well set on, smooth, tapering, and carried in a curl. 

Objections. — Coarse, long, crooked, or hanging strai^rlrt down like a rope. 

Coat. — Fine, straight, smooth. J.viiig <-kw!e to and coveiMng tlie body well, not 
clii)ped. evenJj" disttibwttMl over the body. 

Objections. — Bristles : hair coarse, harsh, thin, wavy or curly, swirls, stand- 
ing up; ends of hair split and brown, not evenly distributed over all the body 
except belly. Clipped coats should be cut l.'i jtoints. 

Coi.oK. — Black, with white in face or lower jaw ; white on feet and tip of 
tail : a few small, clear white spots on body not objectionable. 

Oltjections. — Solid black, more than one-fourth white: sandy hairs on spots; 
a grizzled or speckled api)earance. 

Size. — Large for age and condition. Boars 2 years old and over, if in good 
flesh, should weigh not less than .jOO pounds; .sows same age and condition, 
not less than 4r)0 pounds. Boars 18 months old. in good condition, not less 
than 400 pounds ; sows, 350 pounds. Boars 12 months old, not le.ss than ?>00 
pounds ; sows, 300 pounds. Boars and sows, (» months, not less than 150 
pounds. Other ages in proportion. 

Objections. — Overgrowth, coarse, gangling, or hard to fatten at any :ige. 

Action and style. — Action vigorous, ea.sy. quick, and graceful. Style at- 
tractive, high carriage, and in males testicles should be of same size and car- 
riage, readily seen, and yet not too large. 

Objections. — Slow, dull, clumsy, awkward, difficulty in getting up when 
down, low carriage, wabbling walk. In males testicles not easily seen, not of 
same size or carriage, too large, or only one showing. 

Condition. — Healthy: skin clear of scurf, scales, or sores, soft and mellow 
to the touch; flesh line, evenly laid on. and free from lumps or wrinkles: hair 
soft and lying close to body ; good feeding qualities. 

Objections. — Unhealthy skin, scaly, wrinkly, scabby, or harsh. Habbiness or 
lumpy flesh, too much fat for breeding: hair harsh, dry, and standing up 
from body; poor feeders; deafness, partial or total. 

Disposition. — Quiet, gentle, and easily handled. 

Objections.-^Cross, restless, vicious, or wild. 

DISylAI.IIICATIONS. 

PoRif . — Upright ears, small cranqied chest ; crea.se back of shoulders and 
over the back so as to cause a depression in back easily noticetl : deformed or 
badly crooked legs; feet liroken down so that animal walks on pastern joints. 

Size. — China build or not two-thirds large enough for age. 

Condition. — Excessive fatness: barrenness: deformed: seriously disc.ised ; 
total blindness, caused by defective eyes or by reason of fat or loose and 
wrinkled skin over the eyes. 

Score. — Less than sixty jwints. 

Pedigree. — Not eligible to record. 



36 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

.Score (■(//■(/ (nlit/tlcd hy (Ik XhHoikiI Associnl ion nf /Jj/xit ■/ iidfjv.s an Sicinc 



SCAI.K OK POINTS. 



Points. 

Head 4 

Eyes 2 

Ears 2 

Neck 2 

Jowl 2 

Slioulder.s 

Chest 12 

Back and loin 14 

Sides and ribs 10 

Belly and flank 4 

Ilaiu and ruiup 10 



Points. 

Feei and legs 10 

Tail 1 

Coat 8 

Color 3 

Size 5 

Action and style 3 

Condition 2 

Disposition 2 

Synnnetry of i>oints 3 

Total 100 



l)i:i AII.KIt DKSCKIPTION. 

IIe.\d. — Head slionld be broad, even and smooth between and above the eye.s. 
Slightly dished, tapering evenly and gradually to near the end of the nose. 
Broad lower jaw. Head inclined to siiortness. but not enough to give the 
ai)pearance of stubby nose. And in male a masculine expression and appear- 
ance. 

Oi)jections. — Head long, narrow lietween the eyes; nose uneven and coarse; 
too large at the muzzle or the head too short ; not full or high above the eyes, 
or too uuich wrinkled around or above the eyes. 

Eyes. — Fidl, clear, prominent, and expressive. 

OIi.iections. — Dull expression. deei>-set or obscure. Sight impaired by wrin- 
kles, fat, or other cause. 

Ears. — Ears attached to the head by a short, firm knuckle, giving free .and 
easy action. Standing up slightly at the base to within two-thirds of the tip, 
where a gentle break or drop should occur; in size neither too large nor too 
small, but even, fine, thin, leaf shape. Slightly inclined outward. 

()i)jecti()ns. — Large, flopi)y, straight, upright, or coarse: knuckle long, letting 
the ear drop too close to the head and face, hindering the animal of free use of 
the ears. 

Neck. — Short, w'ide, even, smooth, well arched. Rounding and full from 
poll to shoulder, with due regard to the characteristics of the sex. 

Objections. — Long, narrow, thin, and drooping from the shoulder to the poll, 
with iHievenness caused by wrinkles or creases. 

Jowl. — Full, broad, deep, smooth, .and firm, carrying fullness back near to 
point of shoidders .-tnd below line of lower jaw. so that lower line will be as low 
as breastbone when head is carried up level. 

Objections. — Light, flabby, thin, and wedge-shajH-d. deeply wiinklcd. not 
drooping iiclow line of lower jaw and not carrying fullness back to shoulder and 
brisket. 

SiiouLDEK. — I'.road and oval at the toji. showing evenness with the iiack and 
neck, with good width from the top to tlie liottoni and even smoothness ext«>nd- 
ing well forward. 

Objections. — N.-irrow at the top or bottom ; not as deep as the body, uneven 
width. Shields on iiigs under eight months of age. or showing too nuich shield 
at any age. 

Chest. — Large, wide, deep, and full ; even underline to the shoulder and sides, 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 37 

with no creases; givini; plenty <»f room lor the heart and other origans, inakini^ 
a large girth indicating nuich vitality. Brisket smooth, even, and liroad ; wide 
hetween the legs and extending well forward, showing in front. 

Objections. — Pinched appearance at the toi) or bottom, or tucked in back of 
the fore legs: showing too narrow between the legs; not (h^itth enough back of 
the shouldei's. Brisket uneven, narrow, not prominent. 

Back and loin. — Broad, straight or slightly arched, carrying same width 
from shoulder to ham. surface even, smooth, free from lumps, creases or projec- 
tions, not too long but broad on top. indicating well-sprung ribs; should not be 
higher at hii» than at shoulder and should till out at junction with side so that 
.1 straightedge placed along at top of side will touch all the way fi-om point of 
shoulder to point of ham, should be shorter than lower belly line. 

Objections. — Narrow, creased back of shoulders, swayed or hollow. dr(»i)ping 
below a straight line; humped or wrinkled: too long or snnfisli shaped; loin 
high, narrow, depressed or humped up: surface linnpy, creased, ridgy or uneven; 
width at side not as much as shoulder and han). 

Sides and rius. — Sides full, tirin. and deep, free from wrinkles; carrying 
size down to belly ; even from ham to shoulder : ribs of good length, well sprung 
at top and bottom. 

Objections. — Flat, thin, flabby, pinched, not as full at bottom as at top; 
drawn in at shoulder so as to produce a crease or pinched and tucked up and in 
as it approaches the ham ; uneven surface : ribs flat or too short. 

Belly and flank. — Belly broad, straight and full, indicating capacity and 
room, being about the same or on a level at the flank with the underline of the 
chest. Underline straight, or nearly so, and free from flabby appearance. 

Objections. — Belly uneven and flabby, or apparent looseness in the make-up. 
Pinched up in the flank or flanked too high. 

Ham and kump. — Hams broad, full, deep, and long from rump to hock. Fully 
developed aboA-e and below, being wide at the point of the hip. carrying width 
well down to the lower part of the hams. Fleshy, plump, rounding fullness per- 
ceptible everywhere. Rump rounding and gradually sloping from the loin to the 
root of the tail. Broad and well developed all along from loin and gradually 
rounding to the buttock ; lower front part of ham should be full and stifle well 
covered with flesh. Even width of ham and rump with the back. loin, and 
bod.v. Even a greater width as to females not objectionalile. 

Objections. — Ham short, narrow, too round (u- slim. Not tilled out above or 
below, or unshapel.v for deep meat: not as wide as the body; back or loin too 
tapering or small. Rump narrow or pointed, not plump or well fllled or too 
steep from loin to the tail. 

Legs and feet. — Legs medium length, straight, set well apart and squarely 
under body, tapering, well muscled and wide above knee and hock ; below hock 
and knee round and tapering, capable of sustaining weight of animal in full 
flesh without breaking down ; bone firm and of fine texture : jiasterns short and 
nearl.v upright. Feet firm, short, tough, and free from defects. 

Objections. — Legs long, slim, coarse, crooked; muscles small above hock and 
knee; bone large, coarse; as large at foot as above knee: pasterns long, slim, 
crooked or weak; the hocks turned in or out of straight line; legs too close 
together: hoofs long, slim, and weak; toes sitreading or crooked or unable to 
bear uj* weight of animal without brciking down. 

Tail. — Tail of medium length and size, smoolli and tapering well, and carried 
in a curl. 

Objections. — Coarse and long without a curl ; or short, crooked or stul)by ; or 
too small, fine, even, not tapering. 



88 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTPA'. 

Coat. — Fine, straij^lit. siiinotli. laying; closi- t^ and covt'riii.u tlu' Ixxly well; 
not clippod. cvonly distiilmttHl over tlit' Inuly. 

(HtjtH'tioiifS. — liristlcs. hair coarsi*. harsh, tliiii. wavy or curly; swiils; stand- 
ing up, ends of hair split and Inown. not evenly distrilmted over all of the 
body except the-belly. Cliiiped coals should be cut !.."> points. 

Color. — Blaclv. with six white points — tip of tail, tour white feet and white 
in face, on tlie nose, or on the point of lower jaw : all to l)e i)erceptihle without 
close examination: splaslies of white on the Jaw. legs, or tlank. or a few sp;)ts 
of white on the body not objectionable. 

Objections. — Solid black, white nuxed or sandy sjMtts. Si>eckled with white 
hairs over the body; niottli'd lace or white ;ind bl.-ick : hair mixed, making a 
grizzly appearance. 

SiZK. — Large for age. Condition, vigor, and vitality to 'be considered. There 
should be a difference between breeding .mimals and those kept or fitted for the 
sliow of at least 25 per cent in size. In show condition, or when fat, a 2-year- 
old boar should not weigh less than tioo poinids, and a sow not less than .">(M) 
pounds. Boar 1 year and over. 4(i(> pounds; sow, ?>")() pounds. Hoar 18 months, 
500 pounds; sow, 450 j>oun(ls. P.oars and sows months old. not less than KM) 
pounds. All hogs in Just f.iir breeding condition, one-fourth less for size. The 
keeping and chance that a young hog has cuts (|uite a figure in his size and 
should be considered, othei' jioints being eciual. Fine (luality and size combined 
are desirable. 

Objections. — Overgr()wn. coarse, tiabby. loose ai>i)earance ; gangling, hard to 
fatten: too tine, undersize ; short. stul)liy. inclined to chubby fatness. Xot a 
hardy, robust animal. 

Action and style. — Action vigorous, easy, and graceful. Style attractive, 
high carriage; and in males testicles should be iirominent and of about the same 
size, and yet not too large and pouchy. 

Objections. — Clumsy, slow, awkward movement; low carriage; waddling or 
twisting walk; a seeming tired or l.-izy ;ipi>earance : not st;inding ere<-t and 
firm. 

Co.M)iTM>.N. — Healthy, skin clear of scurf, scales, and sores: soft and mellow 
to the touch ; tiesh fine, evenly laid on. and free from lumiis and wrinkles ; 
hair soft and lying c-lose to the body ; good feeding (lualities. 

Objections. — Unhealthy; skin scaly, wrinkled, scabby, or h.irsh ; ilabbint^ss 
or lumpy flesh; too much fat for breeding: hair harsh, dry. and standing n\) 
from body ; i)oor feeders : deafness, partial or total. 

Dlsposition. — Lively, easily handled, and seemingly kind and responsive to 
good treatment. 

Objections. — Cross, sluggish, restless, wild, or of a vicious turn. 

Sy.mmetuy ok ai)apt.\tiox of POINTS. — The adaptation of all tlu' jioints. size, 
xiud style combined to make the desired type or model. 

TA."M WORTH. 

i^t(i)i(lar(l of cxccUcucc afloptcd by the Ainrricau Tannrorth Sirine Record 

Asxociiitioii. 

Color. — (Jolden-red h.iir on a fiesh-colored skin, free from black. 

Head. — Fairly long; snout modeivitely long and <|uite straight; face slightl,- 
<iished, wide between ears. 

Ears. — Rather large, with line fringe, carried rigid and inclined slightly 
forward. 

Neck. — Fairly long .-ind mnscul:ir. especially in bo;ir. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 39 

Chest. — Wide and deep. 

Shoulders. — Fine, slanting, and well set. 

Legs. — Strong and shapely, with plenty of l»one, and set well outside hody. 

Pasterns. — Strong and sloi)ing. 

Feet. — Strong, and of fair size. 

Back. — Long and straight. 

Loin. — Strong and broad. 

Tail. — Set on high and well tasseled. 

Sides. — Long and deep. 

Kins. — Well sprung and extending well up to ilank. 

Belly. — Deep, with straight underline. 

Flank. — Full and well let down. 

Quarters. — Long, wide, and straight from hip to tail. 

Hams. — Broad and full, well let down to hocks. 

Coat. — Abundant, long, straight, and fine. 

Action. — Firm and free. 

Objections. — Black hair, very light or ginger hair, curly coat, coarse mane, 
black spots on skin, slouch or drooping ears, short or turned-up snout, heavy 
shoulders, wrinkled skin, inbent knees, hollowness at back of shoulders. 

Y(»HKSIIII{E. LAK(;K. 

Score card inloptvd hij the Aiiicricnii Yorlshirc Cliih. 

Points. 
Gener.\l outline. — Long and deep in projwrtion to width, but not mas- 
sive: slightly arched in the back, symmetrical, and smooth, with l)ody 

firmly supported by well-placed legs of medium length 5 

Outline of head. — Moderate in length and size, with lower jaw well 
■ sprung, and considerable dish toward snout, increasing with advancing 

maturity 4 

Forehead and poll. — Wide_^ 1 

Eye. — Medium size, clear, and bright 1 

Jowl. — Medium, not carried too far back toward neck, and not flabby 1 

Snout. — Turning upward with a short curve, inci-easing with age 1 

Ear. — Medium in size, standing well out from the head, of medium erec- 
tion, and inclining slightly forward 1 

Neck. — Of medium length, fair width and depth, rising gradually from 
poll to withers, muscular, but not gross, evenly connecting head with 

body 3 

Outline of body. — Long, deep, and of medium breadth, equally wide at 

shoulder, side, and hams; top line slightly arched, underline straight-- 7 

Back. — Moderately broad, even in width from end to end; strong in loin, 

short ribs of good length 10 

Shoulders, — Large, but not ma.sslA-e, not open aitove 

Arm and thigh. — Broad and of medium length and development 2 

Brisket. — Wide and on a level with underline 3 

Side. — Long, deep, straight, and even from shoulder to hip 8 

Ribs. — Well arched and deep o 

Heart girth and flank girth. — Good and about equal 8 

Hind quarters. — Long to correspond with shoulder and side, deep with 

moderate and gradual droop to tail 5 

Ham.— Large, well let down on thigh and twist, and rear outline some- 
what rounded 10 

Twist. — Well down and meaty : 1 



40 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

Toints. 

Tail. — Mcilinin. not imidi iiiclinod to cnrl 1 

Legs. — ^Icdiuiu in loniith. stnuij;, not cojirso. Imt stiiiidiiii; str:ii.s;lit mikI 

firm o 

IIaik. — AliiiiHlMiit. loiijr, of niciliiiiii fineness, witliout any bristles 4 

Skin. — Smooth and wliite, witlKnit scales, hut dark spots in slcm (ht not 

disqualify 2 

CoLOK. — White on every part 1 

MovE.MENT. — .Vclive. I)ut Udt ri'stless H 



Total 100 

YORKSHIRE. SMAI.I,. 

Score curd adopted hij flic Aiiiericiui Vo/7,-.s7///r (7//^. 

I'oints. 
Ge.neral oiTi.iNK. — Wide and deep in projiortion to the length, straight 

above and below, and shoit in head, neck, body, and limbs 5 

Outline of heaix — Short, abrupt, inclining to fine, and [assessed of much 

dish and downward spring under the jaws 4 

FOKEHEAI) AND POLL. Wide 1 

Eye. — Medium size, clear and ))right 1 

Jowl. — Large, smooth, and carried well back toward the neck 1 

Snout.^ — Sliort. turning upward somewhat, with a deep indenture or curve 

immediately ai)()ve it ' 1 

Kar. — Small, thin, erect, and inclining slightly forward rather than 

backward at tln' tijis 1 

Neck. — Short, wide, and deep, the width slightly increasing toward the 

shoulders i5 

OiTLiNE OF BODY. — Sliort, bi'oad. deep, and straight above, below, and on 

the sides l T 

Back. — Very broad, of even width, and straight from witliers to tail lieatL 10 
Shoulder. — Large, smoothly and evenly developed, and blending jter- 

fectly with neck and crops G 

Arm and thigh. — Moderately wide, tai)ering nicely down, and inclining 

to short ^ 

Brisket. — Wide and on level with underline 3 

Side. — Deep, thick in every part, straight and even from shoulder to hii)__ 8 

Ilins. — Widely and deei)ly siu'ung 5 

Heart and flank (iiKTii. — Excellent in proportion to the length of body 

and ;d)out equal 8 

HiNDquAKTERs. — Relatively long, broad in every part and deep, with but 

little lowering toward the tail head 5 

IIa.m. — Large, well let down at thigh and twist, and inclined to straight 

behind -— 10 

Twist. — Well down and full . 1 

Tail. — Fine, short, and inclined to curl 1 

Legs. — Short, fine rather than coarse, strong, straight, and ]il;iced well 

apart ~> 

Hair. — Abundant, fine, even in (piality 4 

Ski.n. — Smooth and white and free from creases and scales - 

Color. — Wliite on every i>art: 1 

MOVE.MENT. — (Jentle and easy, imt nr.t sluggish i> 

Total lUO 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 
SHEEP. 



41 



( \ 




1. Muzzle. 

2. Mouth. 

3. Nostril. 

4. Lips. 

5. Nose. 

8. Eye. 

9. Ear. 



Fig. 6.— Points of the sheep, aide view. 

10. Neck. 1(5. Brisket, or breast. 24. Hind flank. 

11. Neck vein, or shoul- IT. Top line. 25. Underline. 

der vein. 18. Crops. 2(). Hip. 

12. Top of shoulder. 19. Ritas. 27. Rump. 

13. Shoulder. 21. Fore flank. 30. Thigh, or leg of mut- 

14. Arm. 22. Back. ton. 

15. Shanks. 23. Loin. 




,i:^r^^f!tr^ 





^ : ( Ms 






Fig. 7.— P 

hi. Briske — ^^. 

2U. Girth, or heart girth. 2tt. Dock, or tail. 







6. Face. 

7. Forehead. 



Fig. 7.— Points of the sheep, front and rear views. 

in. Brisket, or breast. 28. Pin bones. 31. Twist. 



42 BUREAU OF ANIMAL TNDT'STRY. 

CHEVIOT. 

Score curd tidoptcd liii the Anierictni Cheriitf SJieep Soeietji. 

I'oints. 

(General conformation and i^i ai.ity. — Deep aiul full of breast and lar«e 
tlii'oui^li chest. Fiack wide and straij^lit. with well-sitninj;. deej* ribs; 
lt'.i,'s well i)la(('d and Ici,' of nnitluii t'\dl and tliicU. Body wrll fleshed; 
skin pink, with no i)hu' or dai-k cdldrint; ; llcuvt' <-oniiiact and nicdinm 
tine; hone stronj: and tine; jrenei'al apjiearance j^racefid. synnnelrical, 
active 20 

Size. — In good flesh when fully matured. At '24 months old ram should 

weigh not less than 22r> jiounds. and ewes ITiO pontids 1() 

Meau. — Should be medium short and liroad. with ample Itreadth between 
the eyes. Ears should be of medium length and \isn;illy erect when at 
reiiose. Head covered with clear white hairs, extending from nostrils 
to back of i)oll. Ridge of head from eyes to nostrils straight or slightly 
arched with females and more strongly arched or Roman with rams. 
Color of nose, black 15 

Body. — Well i)rop()rtioned. having notable de]»th. with thickness on top 
and at Hanks. Loins should be very broad and thick ; shoidders should 
set w«'ll b;ick. .and be smoothly covei'ed. and croiis lie full and well 
arched. The rnni]) should be long, broad, and level 20 

Legs. — Siiduld lie short, well set apart. :ind be covered with clean white 
hair, with no wool below lux-ks or knees. The hind legs should be tlat 
and deep below hocks. I'asterns should be strong and not show weak- 
ness, supporting the body well 10 

Feet. — Synnnetrical. squarely i)laced when, in rei)ose and black in color 5 

Fleece.^ — Shoidd cover the body comijletely to l)ehind the poll .and ears 
and down to knees and bocks. I'ndei* i)art of the body should be well 
covered. On mature animals should lie ."i iiiclies long for annual growth 
and be com])act and of medium wool class. Rams should shear at least 
12 i»ounds and ewes 8 when in mature form to be desirable represeuta- 
tives of the- breed 20 

Total 100 

OBJECTIONS. 

Scars on the head, black spots on the head, flesh-colored or spotted skin 
about the nostrils, hair about the thighs or kemi) on the Ixnly. reddish hair on 
head or legs of ewes. Lack of wool on under jiart of boily. 

niSQlTAI.IKICATION. 

All male lambs dropped after .l.inuary L 1!>or>. shall be ineligible for regis- 
tratittn if without a true polled head or if possessing distinctive sandy or red 
hair on head or legs. I'ersons .applying for the rt'gistration of males dropi"'tl 
after the above date must certify that the rams registered eoufonu to Ibis rule. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 43 

COTSAVOLD. 
Score card adopted hii the Anicrican Cotsirold Rcgistri/ Association. 

RAM. 

Points. 
IIeao. — Not too fine, luodoratoly siiinll, and l)roii(l betwoen the eyes an<l 

nostrils, but without a sliort, thick a jij tea ranee, and in young animals 

well covered on erown with Ion?;, lustrous wool S 

Face. — Either white or slightly mixed with gray, or white dappled with 

brown 4 

Nostrils. — Wide and expanded; nose dark 1 

Eyes. — Prominent, but mild looking 2 

Ears. — Broad, long, moderately thin, and covered with short hair 4 

Collar. — Fidl from breast and shoulders, tajtering gradually all the way 

to where the neck and head join. The neck should be short, thick, and 

strong, indicating constitutional vigor, and free from coarse and loose 

skin (j 

Shoulders. — Broad and full, and at the same time .ioin so gradually to the 

collar forward and chine backward as not to leave the least hollow in 

either place S 

Fore legs. — The mutton on the arm or fore thigh should come (juite to the 

knee. Leg upright, with heavy bone, being clear from superfluous skin. 

with wool to fetlock, .-ind may be mixed with gray 4 

Breast. — Broad and well forward, keeping the legs wide ai)art: girtli of 

chest, full and deep 10 

Foreflank. — Quite full, not showing hollow behind the shoulder .1 

B.vcK AND LOIN. — Bi'oad. flat, and straight, from which the ribs nnist 

spring with a fine circular arch 12 

Belly. — Straight on underline '\ 

(Quarters. — Long and full, with nmtton quite down to the hock S 

Hock. — Should stand neither in nor out 2 

Twist or junction inside the thighs. — Deei), wide, and full, which, with 

a broad breast, will keep the legs open and upright a 

Fleece. — The whole body should be covered with long, lustrous wool 18 

Total 100 

I'oiuts. 
Head. — Moderately fine, broad between the eyes and nostrils, but without 

a short, thick appearance, and well covered t)n crown with long, lustrous 

wool ^ 

Face. — Either white or slightly mixed with gray, or white dai)pled with 

brown A 

Nostrils. — Wide and expand«>d; nose, dark 1 

Eyes. — Prominent, but mild looking 2 

Ears. — Broad, long, moderately thin, and covered with short hair 4 

Collar. — Full from br«'ast and shouldi'rs. ta])ering gradually all the way 

to where the neck and head join. The neck should be line .-uid graceful. 

and free from coarse and loose skin o 



44 BTREAI^ OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

Points. 
t^lloii.DKKS. — T'.r(i:i(l .-uul lull, mill ;it llir sniiic liiui' Jniu sd LrniiluMlly t<> 

llic coll.-ir {"(irwai'd :iii(l cliiiic li;ick\\ ard as iml in leave the ie.isl Imllnw 

ill either place ■*> 

FoKK i.KCi.s. — 'I'lie iiniUuii on llie aim or roi-elhij,'h should rouie qiiile |(» the 

kiKv; U"^ ui»ri,trht willi heavy hone, liein.i; clear Iroin siiperllous skin, 

with wdol to fetlock, and may he mixed with .i,'ray 4 

I'.KK.vsT. — Broad and well forward, keepiii.ii the le,i;s wi<le aitart : jjirth or 

chest full and deep 10 

I''oKi:ii..v.\K.- (,tuite full, not siiowin:,' hollow hehind the shoulder 4 

Hack a\I) i.oim. — I'.road. Hal. and slrai^dit. from which the rihs iiinst 

sprint: with a tine circular arch 1- 

IiKi,i,Y. — Straii^lit on ninlerline •"• 

QUAKTKKS. — lioni,' and full, willi mutton (piit<' down to the hock 8 

Hock. — Should stand neither in nor out _ - 

'I'w isr, oi! .11 .\( rio.N ixsini': iiii: iiiifiiis. — I >eep. wide, ;ind full, which. 

witli a hroad hreasl. will keeii the leirs open and npiiuht _ . 5 

Fleece. - 'I'he wh(de hodv should he covered with Imul;-, Uistrons wool 18 



Total . KX) 

DOHSKT IlOltX. 

Score card (nlnplril In/ tlir ('oiiHiiciihil Dorset Club. 

I'oints, 
1Ie.\o. — Xoat. face white, nostrils lar.ixe: well covered on crown and under 

jaws with wool 5 

IIouNS. — Small and frracefuily curved forward rather close to Jaw 5 

Eye.s. — I'roniineiit and iirisjcht 2 

Ears. — Medium size, covered with short white hair 2 

Neck. — Short. syninH'tricai. strongly set on shoulders, m-adnaily taperini; 

to junction of head - - - — Ti 

Shoulders. — Broad and full, joining nock forward and chine hackw.ird, 

with no depression at either jioint (important) l.j 

B.Ri.SKKT. — Wide an<l full forward, chest full and deep 8 

FoREi'LANK. — Quito full. sliowius; little dopi'o.ssion hehind shoulder 8 

Back \nu loin, — Wide and strai.i^ht, from which rihs should sprini; with 

a tino circular arch 1" 

QiAUTEKs. — Wide :ind full, with mutton oxtondinj,' down to hocks 1(> 

Belly. — Str.-iiuhl on underline I 3 

Fleece. — Medium irrade, of even (luality, i»rosontinsi a smooth surface, and 

oxtondinjx o\ er helly :iiid well down on lei;s 1- 

(Jenekal co.moumaiion,— Of the mutton type, hody moderaloly long; 

short, stout legs, placed s(iuarely under hody: skin i)ink : appearance 

attr.ictive ' 15 

Total KIO 



THE SCUKE CAHD IN STOCK BREEDING. 45 

IIA:\II'SMir{K DOWN. 

Score card adoittcd hi/ the Ihi miixliirc Itoicii lirccdcra' A-ssocidlioii of America. 

DKSCKII-TIOX. 

Head. — Modcr.-itcly liir.i;c. but not coarse; wrll rovcn-d with wool on lort'liiMd 
atul cliceUs. 

NosTuii.s. — Wide. 

Color (liead and h'jxs). — Dark hi-own or black. 

Eyes. — rroniincnt and lustrous. 

Ears. — Moderately long and thin, and dark-brow n or bl.ick color. 

Legs. — Well under outside of body, strai.Lriil. with LCood si/e ol' bone, black. 

Neck. — A regular tapei' from sboidders to bead, without any hollow in fi-ont 
of shoulders, set high uj) on body. 

Shoulueks. — Sloping, full, and not higlier tlian tlie line of back and neck. 

Chest. — Deeit and full in the heart place, with breast iironiinent and full. 

Back. — Straight, with full spring of rib. 

Loin. — Wide and straight, without depression in front of hii>s. 

Quarters. — Long from hips to runiii, without sloping, and deep in thigh. 
Broad in hips and rump, with full hams. Inside of thigh full. 

. SCALE OF POINTS. 

J'oints. 

Head. — Size and shape, ." ; ears and eyes, :{ ; color, 5 ; le.gs and feet, 2 l."> 

Neck, shoulders, and ureast. — Neck, 5; shoulders, 10; chest and 

breast, 15 30 

Body. — Back and loins, l.j; rib, .5 20 

Quarters. — Length, 10; width, 10; twist, 5 2.5 

Wool. — Forehead and cheeks, 2; belly, well covered, 3: (piality, 5 10 

Total 100 

LINCOLN. 

Score card adopted hij the Xatioiial Lincoln SJieci) Iir<(der.s' Asstociatioii. 

Points. 
Constitution. — Body deep; hack wide and straight; wide ;ind full in 

the thigh; bright, large eyes; skin soft and of a i»ink color 25 

Size. — Matured rams' not less than 2.50 jiounds when in good condition. 

Matured ewes not less than 2(K) jtounds 10 

Appearance. — Good carriage and synunetry of form 10 

Body. — Well proi)ortioned, good bone and length; broad hind quarters; 

legs standing well ajtart ; breast wide and dei^p 15 

Head. — Should he covered \\\\\\ wnol lo the ears; tuft on foi-elu-ad ; eyes 

expressive; ears fair length; dotted or mottled in color 10 

Neck. — Medium length; good nuiscle ; well .set on body 5 

Legs. — Broad and set well apart; good shai)e; color white, hut some 

black spots do not disqualify; wooUmI to the knees " 10 

Fleece. — Of even length and quality over body ; not less than eight inches 

long for one year's growth 10 

Quality of wool. — Rather tine, long wool ; strong, lustrous fiber ; no 

tendency to cot 5 

Total 100 



46 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



:\IKi;iX(). DELAINE. 

i^rorr rani mlniitiil hii tlic hniimrrd Diloiiif Mniiio Shrrp lirrrdrni' 

ANsoiiillinil. 

Points 

C'OXSTITITION '■ «^'^/> 

Size. — Iloiivy set and (ltH>it llirouirli the liesirt •^•H 

Fleece. — Fiiu'. c-rinipy, white, bulky, and long '•i'-H 



Total 100 



Short. tlii<U neck 

Hroad. short noso 

Small, sharit foot 

Sti-aiuhl. broad Itack 

(iood. plvnup (inartors 

Legs straight and wide apart 

Covering of head and legs 

Fleece, outer covering dark (not black). 

Flow of white oil (not in excess) 

Head up. with spirit«'d nature 



12 
<S 
L". 
14 
L" 



Total 300 

To entitle a sheep fni' registration in the above association it must scale l~t 
jKiints. both in main and minor points. 

Standard weights. — Uams. L")!) pounds; ewes, ino pounds. 



Score card ddoiilcd hi/ the Xiilioiidl ndaiiir Merino stieeii lireedcrs' Assorintiou. 



I'oinl:s. 
._ 10 

(! 

G 



('onstitution 

Heavy around the heart 

Short, heavy neck 

(Jood dewlap 5 

liroad back 8 

Well-sprung ribs ^ — _,_ o 

Short legs — G 

Heavy bone 8 

Small, sharp foot 10 



Points. 
Length of stai)le, one yi'ar. 3 

inches 8 

Density of fleece 8 

Darki.sh cast on top 5 

Opeiung up white 5 

(Jood tlow of white oil 5 

Good crim]) in sta])le 5 

Total 100 



Weight of rams :it maturity not less than l.'.o iPduiids. 
Weight of ewes at maturity not less tb.in !("• jiounds. 



Score card adnptid Ini Ihe Dieknixoii Simnlsli Merino Sheei) Breeders' AssiO- 

eialion. 

Standard of breeding. I'lU'ity of iilood. 'i'racing their desceid to tlic Hock 
of .Tames .Mcl>owell. of Canton. Stark County. Ohio (without admixture of 
impure blood). whi<h tlock descends directly from the tlocic of W. K. Dickinson, 
of Ohio, whiib were imrely bred from :Merino sbccit imported from Spain to 
the Fluted States by Col. David Humphreys, of Di-rby. New Haven County, 
Coun., in the year 1802. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 47 

BOUY. 

Points. 
Decit, round, wide, ;ind long, showing mutton ciipacity, good feoding. and 
tbriving qualities; heavy, thick flesh; straight, under, and top lines well 
proportioned, filling every part of its skin when fully matured. 

Skin. — Thick, soft, not raised in corrugations, pink-red 4 

Head.— Small, carried high. Quiet i)lacid eye 4 

Nose. — White, not mottled; covered with fine, soft, wliite hair; wide and 

slightly arched 3 

Ears. — Short, thick; covered with fine, glossy hair 3 

Horns. — Small, neatly curved, light-yellow color; better without any 

horns 3 

Neck. — Short; arched in under and on top; the ba.se very strong 4 

Shoulders. — Wide, deep, rounded ; breastbone projecting forward of front 

limbs 5 

Back. — Straight, wide; ribs extending out horizontal from spinal column, 

rounding in line with shoulders, extending close back to hips 8 

Loins. — Strong, wide 3 

Hips. — Wide, long 3 

Thighs. — Wide; thick flesh extending close down to hock joints 4 

Limbs. — Short ; bone heavy ; joints smooth and flat ; their contour to 
show peri)eiidicular lines from elbow and stifle joints to center of hoofs 
and from base of tail to center of a straight line drawn horizontally 

from caps of bock joints when standing erect on limbs 5 

Hoofs. — Deep, thin; white texture; tough and elastic 4 

Size of full-grown rams. I'OO, and ewes, 1.50 pounds 5 

Internal organs. — Strong 4 

Mature early, 2* years 3 

FLEECE. 

Smooth, even, dense, soft to the touch 6 

Staple .3 to 5 inches, fibers glossy, crimped 4 

Quality XX, XXX, or above, fine delaine combing 6 

Quantity — Rams, 15 to 25 pounds; ewes. 10 to 15 pounds, unwashed wool_ 6 
Covering entire body with even length and grade of wool, except parts 

injuring thrift and comfort of sheep; entirely free from gum and hair__ 8 
Oil very fluid; white or nearly so; enough to preserve the wool raising to 

outer ends of fibers 5 

Total - 100 

arERINO, SPANISH. 

Description adopted In/ tlir Michinaii Merino Slierp Breeders' Association. 



Weight. — In full fleece, KJO to 185 pounds. 

Feet. — Sound, level, free from thickness or elongated toes. 

Legs. — Straight, heavy, well covered, and wide ai)art. 

Head. — Densely covered for not less than 1 inch below the eyes; wide between 
the eyes and ears; horns heavy, uniform, fine grained, with first turn lA inches 
from jaw ; ears medium length, thick, velvety, free from tan marks ; eyes large, 



4cS HTRKAr OF ANIMAL IXDl'STin'. 

si)iriti'il, ;iihI cxiH-cssix c ; nose pi-nniinciit. velvety, w i-iiikleil. witli wide nostrils, 
Uiul free troin s|ieeks; lips even and well clesed. 

IS'eck. — 'I'liick. luediiiiii len^Mli. lie.ivil.v folded with i)liMl»le skin. 

S110UI.UKRS. — I)eei> iiiid risiii;; 1 to '2 inches above level of hack. 

Back. — Level, broad, and well su]>i>oi'ted by shoulders and hips. 

Kiits. — Well sprunu; and extendinj; near to hip hone. 

liinsKKT. — Deep, and extending well Corwanl. 

lln's. — Slightly slopinj; and arch shaped. 

Fj.ank. — Deep, with heavy folds. 

Fi,ep:ce. — Very dense, tine, eveidy criniiHMl its entire length, and the nearer 
uniform on every jiart of tli" body, including' folds and extremities, the better. 
Stajtle, 12] to 3 inches in leii^'tli, measured on sheep at one year's growth. Oil 
free, buff in color, and evenly distributed. \\'eight from 2r> to ;]."> iiounds. 

Folds and wrinkles. — Heavy on neck and medium aitout (lank and tail; one 
or two folds back of fore legs, and one or two hack of hind legs, with more or 
less on biji ;ind belly. 

EWE. 

Feet. — Same as in ram. 

Legs. — Same as in ram. 

IIeai). — Ears. eyes. nose, and lips same as in ram, but more feminine in char- 
acter, with no semblance of horns. 

Neck. — Thinner and aiii>.ii-cntly longer than in rauL 

Shoulders. — Thinner than in lli(> ram, with less rise from I)ack and rounder on 
toj). 

Hack, hhisket, uuis, and hips. — Same as ram. with more space between ribs 
and hips. 

Flank.- — Same as rams, with less folds. 

Fleecp:. — Very dense, tiner in ciini]) and fiber than in the ram, with same uni- 
formity. Oil free, buff, lighter in color and less in (luantity than the ram, and 
evenly di-stributed. Length of staple, 2i to ."U inches. Weight of fleece. 15 to 
20 pounds at one year's growth. 

Folds. — Less prominent than in tlu' ram. and not advisable on sides or back. 

F.oth ram and ewe should be straight on back, stand s(|U.ire on feet, and move 
with grace and ease. 

Score card adopted hi/ the standard Aiiicricun Merino Slieei) Breeders' 

Association. 

[Vol. Ill, Rpgistcr of tho Standard American Mi-rino Sheep Breeders' Association.] 
CONSTITUTION, lo POINTS. 

Points. 
Bone 5 

Physical development and general aiipearance 10 

FORM, 40 POINTS. 

A broad head, broad, wrinkly nose and face, covered with a soft, velvety 

coat ^ 

Short, broad, muscular neck, well set on shoulders 5 

Massiveness of shoulder, as to de!>th and breadth 5 

Level, straight back and rotundity of rib 5 

Breadth and length of hips 5 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 49 

Points. 

Straight fore legs, well set apart 3 

Straight hind legs, aiul set so as to give a perpendicular appearance to 

hind parts 5 

Soft, thick, velvety ear 2 

Pure white nose, ears, and hoofs , 5 

WRINKLES, ITi I'OINTS. 

Heavy, pendulous neck 5 

Across arm and point of shoulder on side and ruinilng well under 5 

Tail, hlj) folds, and Hank 5 

MoniFlEI) FOR DKI.AINF, RAM YIELDING A STAPLE OF 2^ INCHES AND UPWARD. 

A deep gullet and heavy cross at hrisket 5 

Heavy flank with fold extending upward on side and hack of shoulder 5 

Heavy tail 5 

DENSITY OF FLEECE, 1.1 POINTS. 

On neck 3 

On back 3 

On side 1 3 

On hip and extending to tlank , 3 

On belly 3 

COVERING, 15 POINTS. 

Crown of head or cap 3 

Cheek 2 

Fore leg 2 

Armpit 2 

Hind leg 2 

Inside of flank 3 

Connection between tag wool and belly 1 

Total 100 

Fiber to be indicated as " fine," " medium," and " coarse ; " oil as " buff " and 
" white." 

OXFORD DOWN. 

Score card adopted by the American Oxford Bonn Record Association. 

Points. 

Breed type 20 

Constitution '-5 

Mutton form and quality 30 

Wool 15 

Total - 100 



50 BUREAU OF AMMAL INDUSTRY. 

liKKKi) TYI'K OK ANIMALS. 

Points. 

Form of ii j^ood general aiipearnnct', made by a well-lialanced oonfornia- 
tiou. free from coarseness in any i»art. and sliowing gootl style. l)otli at 
rest and in motion 15 

Head of nuxU'rate length and width between the cars and between the 
eyes, and well covered with wool over poll and down to I he eyes. Color 
of face an even darU-gray or brown, either with or withont gray si)ot 
on tiji of nose {j 

Wlicii fully matured and in good condition, rams shoidd weigh 250 to 350 

jtounds; ewes. ISO to -1~> pounds G 

Eais nuHlium size, not too thick, and of an even brown or dark -gray color. 2 

L«'gs short, strong in bon«>. Hat. and of even dark-gray or brown color, 

j)laced s(iuarely under the l)ody and well apart 2 

roNSTITHTION. 

Large around the heart and wide and full in the chest 10 

The movement nuist be bold ;nid vigorous 5 

Kyes bold, prominent, and bright 4 

Skin bright jtink in color H 

Neck strong and muscidar in i';ims ;ind well set on in lioth sexes 3 

iMi"rTO.\ I'OK.M Ai\n QUAi.rrv. 

Wide and sti'aight on to]) of shoulders, hack. loin, and rnmii. from base 

of neck to tail 15 

Full shoulders .and thighs, well meated both inside and outside 5 

Flanks well tilled and strong, so as to make the lowei' lines of the body as 

straight as possible, and side lines straight or i-.itlier full 4 

The whole carcass evenly covered with good, well-marbled me.it 

WOOL. 

Fleece of moderate length, close .•md of e\'en (|uality. covering the whole 

cai'cass well, and free from black patches upon the body. neck, or bead l."i 

Total 100 

KAlVII'.oril.I.KT. 
Score card mlniitid hii tlic I iitcnidl ioiKil \'(>ii Jloimi/cr Rdinboiiilh t Clitb. 

STANDAKI) Ol TYPK, 

A sununary of the standard of type falls under two general heads — fleece, 
to which we give half the \alue of points, uiunely, ."■>(», and form, which takes 
the other 50 points. 

RAM. 
FLEECE, 

Fleece, including covering. 50. 

Fleece very dense, tine. <»venly crimped the whole length, and uniform in 
fineness; crimp, density, and length all over the i>ody. folds, and extremities. 
with no jar or coarse hair. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 51 

Length of staple, 2i to ;5i indies, measured on the slieei) at one year's growth. 
Oil free, light huff in color, evenly distrihuted. and of suflicient amount to give 
a naturally dark color to the surface of the fleec«\ Weight. 2(» to :¥» pounds. 

Covering to the hoofs all the way around on hoth fore and hind legs, extend- 
ing on the inside of the forelegs to at least 3 inches ahove the knee joint, with 
thick, dark -surfaced wool ; on the inside of the hind leg. up into the groin, to 
within at least 4 inches of the line of the helly wool ; on the head with dense 
wool extending to the tip of Ihe ear down over the top of the nose to within 
r! inches of the nasal sei)tum. and on the sides of the face down at least 4 iiu-hes 
helow the corner of the eye. 

SCALK FOR FLEECE. 

Quality, 10. 
Density, 6. 
Lubrication, 5. 
Length. 5. 
Crimp, 4. 

Evenness of cpiality. density, lulirication, length, and crimp and freedom from 
jar hair, 8. 
Covering, 12. 

FORM. 

Form, 50, subdivided as follows : 

General appearance and typical character, ."i. Strongly masculine, head 
erect; general appearance alert, active, and attractive: movements easy and 
naturally graceful, with symmetrical form. 

Constitution, !U. Indicated hy a deep chest, long rilt well arched, giving 
heart and lung room, with great digestive capacity. 

Weight. !)*. In full fleece. 2(i() to 250 pounds :it maturity. 

Head. 5. Short and broad, wide between the eyes ; horns heavy, uniform, with 
first turn 2 inches from side of face ; .spiral short, avoiding a wide-si)reading. 
ij^prangly appearance: eai's thick, moderately large, and slightly drooping, and 
covered to the tip with a dense, velvety wool: eyes large and prominent; nose 
broad and thick, with a large wrinkle at either side, just above the nostrils ; 
uncovered portion,s soft and velvety; no chalk hairs, no color spots of any sort, 
with wide-sitreading nostrils; jaws of even length, so that the lips clo.se evenly. 

Neck, 2. Thick, medium length, with sutticient uitwai'd curve to bear the head 
well erect. 

Shoulders. ;i Deep and level with the back or slightly rising: at the same 
time they should be broad and well rounded. 

Back, 5. Straight, broad, esjiecially across tlie loin, and strongly couiiled to 
the quarters. 

Hips. 3. Deep and well rounded, nearly straight with the line of back and 
well let down in the twist, with heavy tlank extending well forward on the belly. 

Legs and feet, ."». Legs straight, large bone, medium length, and wide ajiart. 
Feet neatly shaped, thin hoof, with no tendency to clultfootedness. well set under 
the leg. with no black stre.aks in horn of hoof. 

Folds. 8. Aroiuid the neck and across the breast distinct and synnnetrical, to 
give style and ma^^culine appearance, one back of the fore leg, and a small rose 
at the tall to give style and character to the quarters. 



52 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

KWK. 

Fleeco .-iiid rovci-iiij,'. .")(). Smiuc as ram. t-xccpt tlial it sliould lu' liner; weighr, 
1") to liO pouiuls. 

(Jt'iioral apiK-araiicc and lyi)ical cliarai-tcr. .">. 1 »istinrtl.v feminine; otherwist 
same as ram. 

Constilntion. !tA. Same as ram. 

Weif,'ii(. '.lA. In lull lleece l(i(» to I'Od pounds lor mature slieej). 

lli'ad, ."). No semliiance of lioiais ; otlierwise same as ram. hut feminine in 
eliaracter. 

Xeeli, -. .Medium leni^tli. slinuuei' tlian the I'anTs and eai'r\ ini,' the head well 
erect. 

Shoulders. .">. Same as ram, hut not rising quite so hij^h. 

liaek. ."). Same as ram. 

Ilijis, :!. Same as ram. 

Lej,'s and feet. .">. Same as ram. 

Fidds, :;. One or two distinct and synuneti-icaliy a.rrauyed around tlie necl<, 
none on tiie hody. hut a small rose at the tail. 

SHROPSHIRE. 

Score cditl tidoiilcd hii tlic Anicricdii slir()i)shirc J'cuistrn Association. 

Points. 

Genekai, api'Kar.\N('K. — Attractive, indicatinj: hi'eedin^ and (luality. with 

stylish carriage and a synnnetrical form covei-ed with a (h'use fleece 'JH 

Constitution. — Hohust. as indicated hy width and depth of chest, strength. 

and formation of necU. and hy ixdd active movement 10 

Size. — In hreeding condition when fidly matured, rams should weigh 
not less than ISO to lilCi jKunids and ewes not less than 1L'."> to 17(i 
pounds . 10 

Fi-EECE AND SKIN. — Fleece of good length, dense, elastic to touch, medluui 
line, free from hlack fiher, slightly crimped, with eveiniess of texture 
throughout; scrotum of rams well covered with wool. Skin light 
cherry color, five from daiU s|)ots 15 

Body. — Well proportioned, with shouldei-s well ])laced. fitting smoothly 
upon the chest, which should he deep and wide, l)road and straight 
)»ack, thick loins well covered with lirm tlesli ; hind ((uarters well fin- 
ished; twist deep and full 20 

Head and neck. — Head short, hroad hetween th(> ears and eyes, hold and 
masculine in rams, without horns, well covered with wool ; ears short 
and erect, eyes hright. color of face and ears dark hrowii. Neck of 
medium length, strong and muscular (especially in rams), symmetri- 
cally joined to he.id and shoulders 15 

Legs. — Well set apart, hroad. short, straight, color darlc hrown. and well 

wooled : iiastern strong and upright 5 

Total : 100 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK BREEDING. 53 

SOUTHDOWN. 

Score card adopted hit the Ainrricun Soitthdoini lirccdcrs' Asatociafioii. 

I'oints. 
Head. — Modinm in size iiiid liornlcss. nnc, ciirruMl wt'U iiji, the forehead 

or face well covered with wool, especially between the ears and on the 

cheeks, and in the ewe slightly dished 5 

Lips and under jaw. — Fine and thin 1 

Ears. — Rather small, tolerably wide apart, covered with fine hair, and 

t-arried with a lively back and forth movement 2 

Eyes. — Full and bright 3 

Face. — A uniform tint of brown or gray or mouse color 3 

Neck. — Short, fine at the head, Init nicely tapering, and bro.id and' straight 

on top at the shoulders 4 

Shoulders. — Broad and full, smoothly juining the neck with the back 5 

Breast. — Wide, deep, and pro.iectlng well forward, the forelegs standing 

wide apart ,5 

Back and loin. — Broad and straight from shoulders to rump 7 

Ribs. — Well arched, extending far backward, the last projecting more 

than the others 6 

Rump. — Broad, square, and full, with tail well set up 6 

Hips. — Wide, with little space between them and last ribs 

Thighs. — Full and well let down in twist, the legs standing well apart 6 

Limbs. — Short and fine in lK>ne and in color to agree with the face 3 

Fore legs. — Well wooled and carrying mutton to the knees, but free from 

meat below 2 

Hind legs. — Well filled with mutton and wooled to the hocks, neat and 

clean below 2 

Belly. — Straight and covered with wool, the flank extending so as to form 

a line parallel with the i)ack or top line 5 

Fleece. — Compact, the whole body ^-ell covered with moderately long and 

close wool, white in color, carrying some yolk 12 

Form throughout. — Smooth and symmetrical, with no coarseness in any 

part • 9 

General appearance.^ — Spirited and attractive, with a determined look, a 

proud and firm step, indicating constitutional vigor and thorough breed- 
ing 8 

Total 1 100 



54 BUREAU OF ANIIMAL INDUSTRY. 

SUFFOLK. 

Score cdnl lulnjttiil Ini tin A)ii<rictiii Suffolk Flock Uri/isti r AsNOi-intinii. 

I'oiiils. 

CJenluai. ai-im:.vu.\nci:. — I'lcMsiiij; ti\itliiH'. .liond carrinyc. :ui(l syimiu'ti'y of 

develoiiiiKMit T 

General ioum. — I.arirc in si/o; iMcliiietl to Ion;; in l»o<ly ; medium str»Mi;:tli 
of bone; sonu'wliat (yliiidrical in sliajii". and stn;i,L'iit above. lieJow, 
and in the rear ir> 

Head. — Medium in size, inclining to he h>n^ and eovered with fine, short, 
ylossy l)lack hair to the .junction witii the necl< ; a small (|nanti(y of 
clean, white wool on the forehead is not oli.jected to; nui/zle mo<ler- 
alcly line, especially in liie ewes; eyes hri^'ht and fidi : ears of me- 
dium len^'th and hneness 10 

Neck. — Moderately loni: and well set and blending well with the body, 

with some crest in the lambs 5 

FoKixji AKTKKS. — Well developed: breast wide, deej), and full; brisket 
broad; chest capacious, with good heart girth; shouhh'rs broad, 
oblique, and well tilled in the neck vein and crops; withers broad; 
arm well developed - 15 

l*.Ai!Ki;i.. — Koomy, back straight, broad, and well lleslied throughout its 
eiitiri' length; ribs well sjirnng and moderately deep; fore and hind 
Hanks full and deep 15 

lIiNOQUARTERS. — Loug, dee]), and full; tail broad and well set up; but- 
tock broad; twist full; thigh broad and full 15 

Feet A^'l) leos. — Straight, of medium length, with flat bone; bare of wool 

below the knee and hock, glossy black in color, and .set well ai)art 8 

Fleece. — Moderately short, with close, line, lustrous liber and without 
tendency to mat or felt together or to shade off into dark or gray wool 
or hair, especially about th(> neck and tail. 'rin> lleece should cover the 
wliole body except the head and the legs below the knee and the hock, and 
the skin underneath it should be fair, soft, and of a pink color 10 

Total 100 



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LBFe'07 



